Ancient philosophy. Thales - the water as the primary

The main problem posed by philosophical thinking with the subject of primary substance can be reduced to the following:
a) How from the unity of being emerges the plurality of the existing;
b) How does the diversity of the world come from the identity of the absolute being?
c) How from the unity of the infinite it is possible to bring out the plurality of the single things within time and space.
With the attempts to solve the problem of unity in the multiple, the ancient philosophy begins. Even then, the fundamental question of the unity of the forefront of everything else exists, an attempt is made to differentiate and define the One in its realization through the multiplicity and multiplicity of reality. Thus, in this context ancient Greek philosophy is already expressed and formulated an extremely important and essential principle, that multiplicity necessarily implies a unity. From this primordial source comes the very plurality with the infinite diversity of the forms of the existing.

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Interestingly, Friedrich Nietzsche's work for the tragedy in philosophy is an interesting one. He argues that ancient philosophy begins at first glance with a ridiculous idea, in which there seems to be nothing philosophical, this is Thales' claim that water is all about everything. Nietzsche wonders whether it is necessary to seriously address this issue and responds positively to the question he puts forward. He considers that Thales' view contains something extremely important and essential, stating three reasons:

1. This statement attempts to say something about the origin of things.
2. When explaining this question, this is achieved not through images or mythologies (ie. without imaginary mythological thinking.
3. One basic idea is revealed: "Everything is one".

Therefore, Thaleses claim that water is the beginning of all things can be considered in three main respects:
a / religious;
b/ naturophysophical;
c / philosophical.

With this threefold justification, the question of the arche is characterized as one that can also be set up in a threefold way as a problem if Thales' view is considered by F. Nietzsche's interpretation. In the contemporary European thinking of these three ways, in addressing this question, three independent sciences meet: a / theology; b / physics / "in the Thales' teaching about nature" / c / philosophy. Thus, from the very beginning, in the attempt to view the world as a whole, the explanation of the picture of the world makes a differentiation, which determines three main branches in the single trunk of human knowledge. The question arises, however, how in Thales the insight and thought of putting water in the highest supreme principle and the unified origin of everything that exists exists.

About three centuries after Thales, the first attempt to answer this question and interpret it, arises from the idea that the choice of primary space / water, respectively the air of Anaksimen, the fire at Heraclitus, the "four roots of the existing" at the Empedocles, is conditioned by the attraction, the foreground of everything existent to be regarded as "hyle-chile" - understood in the sense of matter as a substantial substrate.