ROCK TYPES - IGNEOUS ROCK #part 1
A rock is generally a natural solid composed of multiple crystals of one or more minerals. It may be either consolidated or unconsolidated, or we can say a rock is an aggregate of minerals.
There are three (3) types of rocks.
• Igneous rock
• Metamorphic rock
• Sedimentary rock
But am going to focus today on igneous rocks generally, will just go through the basics of igneous rocks, as we move on I will talk more about sedimentary and metamorphic.
What are Crystals: Crystal are orderly arrangement of molecules formed because the component atoms and ions tend to aggregate together in certain specific patterns.
Crystals have homogeneity, well ordered solid, that were naturally formed with plane faces and chemical composition.
Mineral: A mineral is an inorganic solid, that occurs naturally in the earth, its has a crystalline structure, composed of a single chemical compound/element or chemical formula.
A mineral has several characteristics like colour, lustre, texture, hardness, cleavage and relative density, this characteristic can be used to identify them.
Formation of igneous rock
Igneous rocks are formed by the crystallization and solidification of molten magma.
There are two type of igneous rock.
• Volcanic/extrusive igneous rock.
• Intrusive/plutonic Igneous rock.
**Volcanic or extrusive igneous rocks form when the magma cools and crystallizes on the surface of the earth, examples include granite, andesite, basalt, obsidian, pumice, rhyolite, and tuff.
• Intrusive or plutonic igneous rocks wherein the magma crystallizes and solidify at depth in the earth. Example include batholiths, stocks, dikes, sills, laccoliths, lopoliths.
Minerals present in igneous rock
These silicate minerals include
• feldspars (plagioclase feldspar,
• potassium feldspar), quartz,
• micas (muscovite, biotite),
• pyroxenes (augite)
• amphiboles (hornblende)
• olivine.
Source:
https://scienceconceptions.wikispaces.com/Rock+and+Minerals
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