Violations of energy metabolism: what is important to know

The cleavage of proteins, fats and carbohydrates is carried out by specific hydrolases to amino acids, glycerol and fatty acids, hexoses (glucose, fructose, galactose).

Intermediate metabolism involves the biosynthesis of proteins, lipids and carbohydrates specific for a given species and the conversion of amino acids, hexoses, pentoses, fatty acids and glycerol into a number of common products undergoing transformation in a cycle of tricarboxylic acids.

The bulk of the energy is released in the cycle of tricarboxylic acids. At the same time, 60-70% of the energy of nutrients is accumulated in the form of chemical bonds.

Nevertheless, 30-40% of the energy of nutrients is converted into heat, which is used to maintain the temperature homeostasis, but irretrievably lost by the body. It was called the primary heat.

Disorders of energy metabolism have serious consequences for the body due to the lack of macroergies, violations due to this synthesis of substances and the occurrence of dystrophic processes.

The energy value of human carbohydrate weighing 70 kg (800 kcal) is enough to provide energy for only 24 hours.