Hello, dear steemians. Following the theme of farms, I bring you an interesting topic. We all believe that on farms we can only grow terrestrial plants or animals, but it is not true, on farms we can raise fish that allow us to vary our food and place a little more Omega 3 in our diet. I will explain how to build a hatchery and the most common species of fish to breed in captivity.

The first thing you should know that can be raised in artificial lagoons, ponds or in the open sea. Hake, sole, tuna are among the species with more hatcheries. Over time the number of species to be reared has increased.

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Variety and characteristics of fish for hatchery

In the farm we can raise fish in an artificial lagoon (built for the breeding and fattening of fish) or natural (formed by rains and small tributaries of rivers that serve as animal trough), there you can raise a good amount of fish for consumption In addition, water can be recycled to irrigate crops. But the first thing we have to take into account is how much space we have available for the hatchery.

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How do we build a pond?

Here I leave some steps to prepare the land and hatchery:

1. Check that the terrain meets the appropriate conditions for raising fish.
2. It must have an efficient supply of water, the constant flow will allow the mosquitoes do not multiply, or other pests.
3. Check that the selected land is of clay soil so that there is no water seepage; if the soil is not clayey, it can cover the lagoon with clay from another place, with concrete or with plastic; It can also be covered with woven grass or bamboo sealed with pitch or other vegetable resin.
4. The best place to locate a lagoon is the base of a hill, so that the water runs down to it, at least 10 m away from the sources of drinking water.
5. Dig a hole at least 1 meter deep, with the largest possible circumference. You can grow algae and small fish to enrich the diet of the selected species, even in small lagoons (1 or 2 m in diameter). If you have enough space, make several ponds, each one at least 3 m wide. In this way it will be easier to dig and harvest the fish.
6. Dip the clay lining of the bottom by walking on it.
7. Once the pond has been filled with water, algae and other plants will begin to grow, this will oxygenate the water and feed the fish.
8. It must be taken into account that whatever the materials used, it is essential to "cure" the new tanks by filling them several times with water for a few weeks, to eliminate the soluble toxic substances.

Measure for the construction of a lagoon

For the construction of an artificial lagoon, experts recommend some measures

Maximum depth: 1,80mt
Minimum depth: 1.20mt ??
External slope: 2.1. at 3.1mt ??
Internal slope: 2.0 - 2.5mt ??
Length 50-80mt. ??
Wide 25-30mt ??
Inner Slope: 0.2 - 0.5%

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The most common species for the hatchery:

In captivity we can breed different types of fish and depending on the variety and space we will have a variety to choose from. The most common fish: carp, tilapia, tuna, sole; we can also breed: freshwater shrimp, tilapia or crayfish.

1. The carp hervíbora or Ctenopharyngodon idellus. These fish are dark green and can reach 150 centimeters long, weighing up to 50 kilos. It is a freshwater fish and lives at a shallow depth, with abundant vegetation.
2. Silver carp or Hypophthalmichthys molitrix. In its natural habitat reaches the meter long and about 50 kilos of weight. His diet is based on zooplankton in his childhood and phytoplankton in his youth and adulthood.
3. Catla, is classified as a variety of carp. In natural conditions, these fish can reach almost two meters long: they weigh about 40 kilos.
4. Levines of Cachama. This fish of relatively large size, docile and resistant to handling, supports low oxygen levels because it has a widening mechanism in its lips that allow it to trap oxygen.
5. Hybrid fry. They can reach weights of 1.2Kg faster than the black cachama.
6. Alevines de Coporo. This fish is fed scraping the bottom surfaces or other substrates, a suggestion is to place vertical sticks, old tires, among others to increase the scraping surface to improve their feeding more frequently. Coporo reaches a size of 350 grams in 8 months.

Alimentation

The feeding of the hatcheries will depend on the species that is chosen. However, the feeding must be balanced, usually the fish feed on zooplantos, phytoplants, algae and others. You can also help with special foods.

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