Kopauk
etra tavaṇa oru ākṣan sambhavikkunnu ennat vivarikkunnu. āvarttanattinṟe āṟ pradhāna aḍrasukaḷ uṇṭ, ñaṅṅaḷ iṅglīṣil upayēāgikkunnat: eppēāḻuṁ, sādhāraṇayāyi (alleṅkil sādhāraṇa), palappēāḻuṁ, apūrvvamāyi, orikkaluṁ.
niṅṅaḷuṭe vidyārt'thikaḷil ninn eṅṅane paricayappeṭuttuvānēā at upayēāgikkāmennat eṅṅaneyāṇ? niṅṅaḷuṭe vidyārt'thikaḷ sādhāraṇayāyi bud'dhimuṭṭunnat niṅṅaḷ kaṇṭettunnat entāṇ? cuvaṭeyuḷḷa citrattil kāṇān kaḻiyunnatupēāle% upayēāgicc āvr̥ttiyil vyatyāsaṁ viśadīkarikkānuḷḷa oru nalla mārggaṁ.
niṅṅaḷ tāḻe kāṇunna pēāle, āvr̥ttiyuṭe aḷavil avar vyatyāsappeṭṭirikkunnu.

'apūrvvamāyi' oru badalāyi 'apūrvvamāyi' namukk upayēāgikkāṁ, pakṣē ādhunika iṅglīṣ bhāṣayil it sādhāraṇamalla.
āvarttanattinṟe vyākhyānaṅṅaḷ eṅṅane paṭhippikkāṁ
vidyārt'thikaḷ mukaḷil kāṇunna paṭṭika kāṇikkān enikk upakārapradamāṇ, atināl āvarttana sendaryattin ēṟṟavuṁ sādhāraṇamāya padamāṇ viṣayaṁ, kriya enniva tam'mil kāṇunnat.
sāṟa ellāyppēāḻuṁ śaniyāḻca vaikunnēraṅṅaḷil pēākunnu. jāniyuṭe bēāyphraṇṭ sādhāraṇayāyi avaḷe tiraññeṭukkunnu, avar nagarakēndrattilēykk pēākunnu. ben, em'mā palappēāḻuṁ uccabhakṣaṇattināyi pēākunnu. śaityakālatt sāṟā cilappēāḷ phrānsil skaiyiṅg naṭakkunnu. jeyins sṟṟīphan apūrvvamāyi sinima insulamar kāraṇaṁ avar puṟattu tāmasikkān iṣṭappeṭunnu
mukaḷil paṟaññavayekkāḷ meccamāya arthaṁ manas'silākkān vidyārthikaḷe sahāyikkān niṅṅaḷ upayēāgikkunna ēteṅkiluṁ udāharaṇa vākyamāṇēā?
vidyārt'thikaḷ it manasilākkiyāl ñaṅṅaḷ ī niyamaṁ upayēāgikkunnat oḻivākkaṇaṁ. 'bhavanaṁ'. 'ennu' enna kriya. 'kriya' enna vākyaṁ upayēāgiccu keāṇṭ, āvr̥ttiyuṭe āvaraṇaṁ kriyaykk śēṣaṁ varunnu. udāharaṇattin:
śaniyāḻca rātrikaḷil siṟṟi senṟaṟil niravadhi āḷukaḷ uṇṭ. pārkkin oru sthalaṁ kaṇṭettunnatin bud'dhimuṭṭāṇ. ennāl ñaṅṅaḷuṭe suhr̥ttukkaḷ orikkaluṁ samayamāvukayilla, atināl vaikippēāyāl at praśnamalla.
iṅglīṣil palappēāḻuṁ ī vyavasthitiyil vyatyāsaṅṅaḷ uṇṭ.udāharaṇattin, oru vākyattinṟe tuṭakkattil 'cilappēāḷ', 'sādhāraṇa'
cilappēāḷ avaḷ suhr̥ttukkaḷumāyi avaḷuṭe gr̥hapāṭhaṁ ceyyunnu. sādhāraṇayāyi ava svantamāyi paṭhikkunnu.
sabjakṟṟinuṁ kriyaykkuṁ iṭayiluḷḷa āvarttikkānuḷḷa ellā aḍāpṣanukaḷkkuṁ anusaricc vācakaṁ pintuṭarān vidyārt'thikaḷe prēātsāhippikkunnat vaḷare laḷitamāṇ. 'ennu' enna kriyaye ōrm'mippikkān ōrm'mikkuka, atinuśēṣaṁ kriyāviśēṣaṇaṁ naṭattuka.
cilappēāḷ it āśayakkuḻappattilākān iṭayākkunnatentine?
cēādya phēāṁ
āvr̥ttiyekkuṟicc cēādyaṅṅaḷ varuttunnatin, ñaṅṅaḷ sādhāraṇayāyi upayēāgikkunnat 'etra tavaṇa?' 'udāharaṇattin:
niṅṅaḷ etra tavaṇa citraṅṅaḷ kāṇuṁ, etra tavaṇa avan ṭennīs kaḷikkunnu, ṭreyin etra nēraṁ vaikuṁ?
ennāl oru āvr̥tti phrīkvansiyumāyi mātraṁ cēādyaṅṅaḷ cēādikkān kaḻiyuṁ. udāharaṇattin:
niṅṅaḷ palappēāḻuṁ iviṭe varāṟuṇṭēā? avaḷ ellāyppēāḻuṁ kaṭhinamāyi pravarttikkunnuṇṭēā? avar eppēāḻeṅkiluṁ avarkk kālatāmasaṁ varuttāṟuṇṭēā? ('orikkaluṁ' cēādyaṅṅaḷkkupakaraṁ
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