【EOS Gov】EOS.IO宪法草案第六条——不超过10%的所有权
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以下内容来自微信公共帐号“EOS技术爱好者”，搜索“EOSTechLover”即可订阅，译者Lochaiching。转载必须保留以上声明。仅授权原文转载。
本文原文链接为https://forums.eosgo.io/discussion/651/article-vi-v0-3-0-draft-eos-io-constitution-10-ownership-cap，Thomas Cox在EOS GO论坛中更新了宪法草案第六条的内容，由本号“EOS技术爱好者”翻译。
Article VI - v0.3.0 Draft EOS.IO Constitution - 10% Ownership Cap
第六条：0.3.0版本 EOS.IO宪法草案 —— 不超过10%的所有权
- Thomas Cox*
Purpose
As discussed under Article V of this Draft Constitution, the EOSIO Software must not have a fiduciary. To prevent this, as well as to prevent whale control of the chain, the Constitution proposes capping ownership by any one "Member or Beneficial Interest" at a maximum of 10% of all issued tokens.
目的
正如本宪法草案第五条（https://forums.eosgo.io/discussion/646/article-iv-v0-3-0-draft-eos-io-constitution-no-buying-or-selling-of-votes）中所讨论的那样，EOSIO软件不得有受托人。为了防止这种情况，以及防止大户（whale）对整条链的控制，此宪法建议任何 “成员或受益人权益” 的所有权不超过所有发行代币总量的10％。
Text of Article
No Member nor any Beneficial Interest shall own more than 10% of issued tokens.
本文内容
任何成员或受益人权益均不得超过已发行代币的10％。
Discussion
Several reasons exist to cap token ownership as a percent of the whole.
- Token ownership above a certain size has historically been a stepping stone to abusive behavior that has harmed other blockchains.
- Many governments and regulatory bodies have an ownership threshold, above which different and more exacting rules apply. The figure 10% is often used. The SEC requires "shareholders who own more than 10% of a class of the company's equity securities" to file as "insiders" just like a firm's directors and officers do.
- Once a person becomes a large enough token holder, they can start to act like a fiduciary out of normal self-interest; this can lead to a legitimate utility token (i.e. a non-security) becoming an implicit security, through the behavior of a large token holder and the creation of expectations.
讨论
为代币所有权设置百分比上限主要存在以下几个原因：
- 一直以来，拥有过高比例的代币往往会引发一系列滥用权力的行为，并伤及其他区块链。
- 许多政府和监管机构都有一个所有权门槛，一旦超过这个门槛，会有更多不同和更严格的规则适用于超出的范围。10％这个数字经常被使用，美国证券交易委员会（SEC）要求 “拥有超过公司股票证券类10％的股东” 以公司的董事和高级职员的身份提交为 “内部人员”。
- 一旦人们持有了大量的代币，便极有可能产生“委托风险”：即从自身利益出发，通过一系列的操控买卖来塑造人们对该代币的期望进而影响人们的买卖行为。这样一来，合法的通用（utility）代币（非证券）实质上就成为了一种隐性的证券。
References
SEC: Officers, Directors and 10% Shareholders
Definition of Beneficial Interest
参考
https://www.sec.gov/smallbusiness/goingpublic/officersanddirectors
https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/beneficial-interest.asp
History of Changes
19-Apr-2018: changed "shareholder" to "token holder" in third bullet of Discussion section
变化的内容
2018-4-19：在讨论部分的第三个部分，将 “股东” 更改为 “代币持有人”。
(all opinions are my own)
（所有的观点都代表我自己）
本文内容不代表本号任何立场
本文图片来源于网络
本文原文链接为https://forums.eosgo.io/discussion/651/article-vi-v0-3-0-draft-eos-io-constitution-10-ownership-cap，作者Thomas Cox，译者Lochaiching。转载请参照本文文首说明。
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