STRUCTURE OF DNA, HUMAN GENOME AND FRACTALS
The usefulness of mathematics has served to create other disciplines. Such is the case of Biomatemàtica, this interdisciplinary area focuses on the modeling of biological processes using mathematical techniques. It has great theoretical and practical applications in biological research. Among his accomplishments are the description of the DNA structure and the representation of the human genome.
Determining how the DNA molecule binds or binds within the cell is one of the goals of Biomathematics because it determines the functions it performs in the cell.
The contribution of mathematics in this sense is offered by a mathematical field called knot theory, which is a branch of the topology that is responsible for studying the mathematical object that abstracts the everyday notion of knot.
Applying this theory, one can understand the mechanism of action of the enzymes on the DNA molecule. To understand such a mechanism (as there is no direct observational method), laboratory-level procedures are done with the use of electron microscopes, and the application of knot theory. In this way, the change that the enzymes generate in the topology of the geometry of the DNA molecule is detected, in this way, evidence is extracted of how these enzymes act.
Describing the double-helix structure of DNA inside the cell, is also another advance of Biomathematics that has led to describe the three-dimensional structure of the human genome, through a mathematical contribution called fractal.
We must add that the discovery of the structure of the human genome was one of the objectives of the studies carried out by Eric Lander. These results were set out in an article that was published in the scientific journal Science, on October 9, 2009. This explains how the double-stranded DNA helix, which stretched 2 meters, folds over itself to fit in the Nucleus of a cell, whose diameter is 100 times smaller than a millimeter. Lander, describes how DNA writhes on itself as a fractal globule that compresses genetic information millions of times larger than that of a computer chip.
Reference
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biolog%C3%ADa_matem%C3%A1tica
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