What is the Pygmalion Effect?

The Pygmalion effect is the phenomenon whereby higher expectations lead to an increase in performance. It is quite opposite from the Golem Effect, in which low expectations lead to a decrease in performance. However, both effects are forms of self-fulfilling prophecy. The Pygmalion effect is often known as the "power of expectation." If a manager is convinced that the people in her group are first-rate, they’ll reliably outperform a group whose manager believes the reverse; even if the innate talent of the two groups is similar. People perform in ways that are consistent with the expectations they have picked up on from their supervisor.

The Power of Expectation can also apply to teachers and students. Higher expectations lead teachers to act differently in regard to the learner, in four very specific ways:

1. Create a warmer “socio-emotional climate” for the learners they regard as high-potential, often conveying this warmth through non-verbal signals: a nod, an encouraging smile, a touch on the shoulder.

2. Teach more material, and more difficult material, to learners they see as especially promising.

3. Teachers give up-and-coming learners more opportunities to contribute, including additional time to respond to questions.

4. Offer their “special” learners feedback on performance that is more detailed and more personalized — not just a generic “Good job.”

This shows the power of perception. How we see the world often determines how we interpret the world. What do you guys think? Do you find the Pygmalion Effect to be effective for Supervisors, Teachers, and other authority figures? Or do you prefer other styles of management and leadership?