Is teleportation possible?

Image source: [1]

Teleportation is one of the challenges of modern quantum physics. Their progress has been in tiny jumps.

It is known that in 1993, IBM scientists, led by Charles Bennett, demonstrated that it was physically possible to teleport objects, at least at the atomic level, using the EPR experiment. Einstein, Podolsky, Rosen. (In themselves they demonstrated that all the information contained within a particle could be teletransported). Since then physicists have been able to teleport photons and even whole cesium atoms.

In 2004 physicists at the University of Vienna were able to teleport light particles at a distance of 600 meters below the Danube River using a fiber optic cable.

Finally in 2006 another advance was achieved, which included for the first time a macroscopic object. Physicists at the Niels Bohr Institute in Copenhagen and the Max Planck Institute in Germany were able to interweave a beam of light with a gas of cesium atoms, a feat involving billions of atoms. They then encoded the information contained within laser pulses and were able to teleport this information to the cesium atoms at a distance of almost half a meter.

However, when doing this type of "teleportation" something interesting happens, and is that through the quantum entanglement two particles are joined, so that they share information and what happens to one, will happen to the other. After this, a third particle is interlaced at an enormous distance, and information is shared among all. But for information to pass from the first to the third particle, it is necessary to destroy the original. So if in the future we could replicate in macromolecules or living things, the process would be something like this:

• The body of the original of the living being is destroyed.

• The information passes to the second phase of molecules, which is interlaced with a third inert body (could be an artificial replica of the living being)

• The information reaches the third stage.

The problem is that, as the mysteries of the mind are not yet known, it is not known what would happen if this is replicated in human beings, ethical questions prevail a lot in these cases.

However, there is another experiment with the same objective, but it does not use quantum entanglement. In 2007, physicist Aston Bradley of the Center for Excellence for Quantum Atomic Optics at the Australian Research Council in Brisbane participated in the development of the new teleportation method.

The key to this new type of teleportation is a new state of matter called a "Bose-Einsteine ​​Condensate", which is one of the coldest substances in the entire universe, which is one millionth of a billionth of a degree above the 0 absolute.

When some forms of matter cool to almost absolute zero, their atoms are put into the lowest energy state, so that all of these vibrate in unison and become coherent. The wave functions of all atoms overlap, so that in a sense a BEC is like a huge "super-atom" in which all individual atoms vibrate in unison.

The process of the experiment is to place rubidium atoms in ultra frozen state, so that after applying a beam of matter until they give up their excess energy in the form of a pulse of light; It is then sent by a fiber optic cable. What is most remarkable about this process is that the beam of light contains all the quantum information necessary to describe the beam of original matter (for example, the position and velocity of all its atoms). Then the beam of light hits another BEC, which transforms the beam of light into the bundle of original matter.

Seeing all this, one could say that the future of teleportation is closer than you think.

More details here the link: [2]

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Video credits: MinutoDeFísica