Classification of plants. (Activities)

Continuing with The Kingdom of Plants today we will study the classification, we know that there are many and that all are so different from each other that their classification was needed. For this reason the botanists divided the vegetable kingdom into several large groups. These are algae, mosses, ferns, conifers and flowering. The division of plants into groups is based on differences in their structure.

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In each group, scientists distinguish the species. In total, more than a thousand species of plants are known. Most flowering plants, about a thousand species, and the least coniferous, only species. Mosses - about a thousand species and ferns - a thousand species.

Algae

These are plants that live in water and have the simplest structure.

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✔ Algae have no roots, no stems, no leaves, no flowers.

• Some of them are very small. They can only be examined under a microscope.
• Most algae look like long, thin ropes or green or brown ribbons.
• In fresh water, algae often grow and form mud.
• Algae enrich the water with oxygen and serve as food for aquatic animals. People use them in food. Algae are also used medicinally.

Mosses

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Mosses have a more complex structure than algae. They have stem and leaves, but they have no root. Therefore, mosses grow mainly where there is a lot of moisture and can be absorbed in the leaves. They have no flowers and fruits with seeds.

All mosses look almost the same. In fact, they are very diverse.

• Polytrichum commune with its elongated stem and leaf shape resembles a royal linen, for which it received its name.

• Esfagnos (Sphagnum) grows in damp places and in swamps and forms lush "pillows". It is formed from the dead remains of sphagnum plants.

Ferns

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Most modern ferns are herbaceous plants, but tree ferns are found in humid tropical areas. Some ferns settle on tree trunks, and some species have become houseplants.

• Ferns are perennial herbaceous plants. Ferns have developed all the organs of the plant: the root, stem and leaves
• Ferns have a well developed rhizome. Ferns can multiply into rhizome pieces; They also reproduce by spores.
• Ferns have large beautiful leaves that resemble large bird feathers. In addition to the leaves, they have roots and stems. Ferns never bloom.
• Giant ferns are found in our forests and rainforests.
  • Some ferns are used as houseplants.

Conifers

Conifers include trees and shrubs. These are pine, fir, larch, fir, juniper.

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They have a root, stem, narrow and sharp leaves. Conifers do not have flowers and fruits. Instead of fruits, they have cones in which the seeds ripen.

Norway fir and wild pine are the most famous conifers. On spruce needles they are short, located separately on the branches. Pine needles are long, sitting in pairs. The cones on the fir are elongated, on the pine - short, more rounded.

Flowering plants

These plants have all the organs: root, stem, leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds.

They are distinguished by a wide variety of species. This is the largest group of plants, widely distributed throughout the world. Among the flowering plants there are grasses, shrubs and trees.

Activites

1. How is the plant kingdom divided?
2. Write 3 characteristics of the algae.
3. How is the structure of mosses?
4. How ferns reproduce?
5. What kind of plants are pine, larch, fir, juniper?

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