about surplus value in capitalism

How much we read about surplus value refers to exchange value, at prices; However, as all value created under capitalist conditions becomes a commodity, it consists of two factors, its use value that makes it suitable to satisfy needs, and its exchange value that facilitates its exchange for money or another value. of use.

Scientifically, surplus value appears in the analysis of production as a value created during a surplus of labor time, beyond the time necessary to create the replacement value of the salary or a monetary value with which the employer pays the worker for his working day.

salary, money, prices, value and surplus value are closely linked concepts and almost reserved for commercial activities, and consequently it would seem that surplus value ceases to be a use value.

That obstinate conviction on the part of the Classical Economy and the Vulgar Economy inherited up to now-both managed by the bourgeoisie-is the reason that the proponents of profit use when defining it as a value generated in the market according to the expedited formula: sales income minus acquisition expense, that is, as a simple difference between the securities exchanged.

It turns out that both the salary created during the necessary time and the surplus value created during the surplus time are incorporated in the corresponding use values ​​of the goods that are being manufactured by the company in play.

Hence, surplus value is in principle a use value that, of course, will have its own exchange value as all the goods created during the whole day have as a sum of the value of replacement of the salary plus surplus value.

Thus: During a part of the day goods are created for a value = salary, and during the rest of the day more merchandise is created for a value = surplus value. So that in each unit of merchandise is incorporated value created by the employee for an amount that not only reintegrates the salary, but also adds free value or surplus value. Both values, salary and surplus value, are supported by the values ​​of use corresponding to the type of merchandise belonging to the company in question.

Source information

https://atlassociety.org/commentary/commentary-blog/3618-marxs-surplus-value-theory

https://www.cla.purdue.edu/english/theory/marxism/terms/surplusvalue.html