E-Commerce and E- Business facts and advantages and diffrences in today's globel World

What is the difference between E-commerce and E-Business?
E-commerce is buying and selling using an electronic medium. It is accepting credit and payments over the net, doing banking transactions using the Internet, selling commodities or information using the World Wide Web and so on.
E-Business in addition to encompassing E-commerce includes both front and back-office applications that form the engine for modern E-commerce. E-business is not just about E-commerce transactions; it's about re-defining old business models, with the aid of technology to maximize customer value. E-Business is the overall strategy and E-commerce is an extremely important facet of E-Business.
Thus e-business involves not merely setting up the company website and being able to accept credit card payments or being able to sell products or services on time. It involves fundamental re-structuring and streamlining of the business using technology by implementing enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems, supply chain management, customer relationship management, data ware housing, data marts, data mining, etc.
e-commerce?

Conducting business online. Selling goods, in the traditional sense, is possible to do electronically because of certain software programs that run the main functions of an e-commerce Web site, including product display, online ordering, and inventory management. The software resides on a commerce server and works in conjunction with online payment systems to process payments. Since these servers and data lines make up the backbone of the Internet, in a broad sense, e-commerce means doing business over interconnected networks.
The definition of e-commerce includes business activities that are business-to-business (B2B), business-to-consumer (B2C), extended enterprise computing (also known as "newly emerging value chains"), d-commerce, and m-commerce. E-commerce is a major factor in the U.S. economy because it assists companies with many levels of current business transactions, as well as creating new online business opportunities that are global in nature.
Here are a few examples of e-commerce:

1. accepting credit cards for commercial online sales
2. generating onlinea advertising revenue
3. trading stock in an online brokerage account
4. driving information through a company via its intranet
5. driving manufacturing and distribution through a value chain with partners on an extranet
6. selling to consumers on a pay-per-download basis, through a Web site

e-Business?

Why Use Electronic Communication The Internet and electronic communications (also called computer mediated communications, or CMC) doesn't just mean new tools for communication; it means new ways to communicate. Today your organization interacts with its various constituents differently - employees, board members, customers, partners and others - depending upon the nature of the message, the goals you are trying to achieve and the strengths (and weaknesses) of the available media - telep hones, voice mail, fax machines, print, etc.

Drivers of e Business adoption The adoption of information and communication technology (ICT) in small and medium enterprise in Indonesia as to compare with its counterparts, i.e., large scale enterprises, is left behind. This preliminary study reports on several predictors, which influence SME’s owner’s decision to adopt internet technology. A behavioral model was developed based on previous research on technology adoption in SME. The model for preliminary research consists of seven predictors, which include performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating condition, self-efficacy, internet-anxiety, and perceived cost. ICT adoption level is measured as adopter, potential adopter and non-adopter. Results of the measurement show that the score of reliability ranges between 0.6318 and 0.9711 in Cronbach Alpha.
Barriers to consumer Internet adoption
Quality: in the real world itself you would get ripped off by savvy salesmen and it is far more likely that the you buy from a faceless entity will be substandard.
Virtual" shopping is too impersonal. People love to touch and feel what they are buying and half of the fun is in the out-of-home experience which is not available in the e-commerce model of shop-from-your-home/chair.
You take the risk of buying a "small-ricket" item and the portal that sold you the piece folds shop or dons a new avatar. You are stuck with a dud and nowhere to go.
Business Opportunities

A variety of opportunities for you and your company to become a business partner. If you are interested in doing business with us, you can review a summary of each of our current solicitations online.
Registering for a specific solicitation lets you Sign In to view and print all solicitation documents and materials, and to receive eBusiness Alert notifications directly to your email inbox when additional solicitation information is posted.
Getting started is easy, just follow the three-step process shown below.

1. Step 1 Choose a Business Category.
2. Step 2 Choose a Solicitation Opportunity.
3. Step 3 Register for a Solicitation and to receive eBusiness Alerts.
   What are the advantages and disadvantages of e-business?
   There are many different benefits of E-commerce and E-business. Some of the benefits of E-commerce include purchases can be made 24 hours a day and 7 days a week, making it available to every place in the world, at any time. Other benefits of E-commerce include a larger marketplace, more secure then using cheques, can increase you sales potential, leads to increased productivity. Benefits of E-business include improved speed of response, cost savings, reduced in inventory, better transfer of best practices, and improved customer service. These are all benefits and advantages of E-commerce and E-Business.

Advantages

• With the use of e-commerce you can promote your product globally.

• Reduces Time and money spent

• Gives a competitive advantages

• Removes Location and availability restrictions

• Heightens customer service
Disadvantages

Security - there are still some people who don't think it is safe to buy on-line therefore as their isn't a high-street shop will loss their custom.

• You may not receive what you believe you have purchased.

• Things such as viruses could mean losing the site or affecting your customers computers while on your website.

If you book a holiday, the 'company' also knows when you are out.

Chapter 2

The e-commerce environment
This study applies Petronio's Communication Privacy Management theory (CPM) to understand the tension between information disclosure and privacy within e-commerce relationships. It proposes that consumers manage their privacy concerns through decisions to reveal or conceal information about themselves in interactions with online retailers. The study investigates the degree to which privacy management strategies identified by CPM theory to regulate privacy and disclosure within interpersonal relationships, including withholding and falsifying information, as well as seeking information seeking from a relational partner, operate in the computer-mediated context of e-commerce relational transactions. Findings suggest that online consumers do erect boundaries around personal information and form rules to decide when to reveal information that are consistent with CPM the

Market analysis for your online business

Every Web plan should include a clear explanation of the market segmentation, target market focus, and a market forecast. It should include detailed information about each of the target market segments.
To develop an effective plan based on your customers’ needs and nature, you should be able to answer these questions:

1. Who are they?
2. Where are they?
3. What do they need?
4. How do they make their buying decisions?
5. Where do they buy?
6. How do you reach them with your marketing and sales messages?
   Knowing the answers to these questions is critical no matter who your potential customers may be. This is also true when a nonprofit organization goes into a market looking for funding, in-kind contributions, and volunteer participation.
   The specific research related to this market analysis begins with statistics that provide total numbers of households, classrooms, businesses, and workers in a market. These are your basic demographics. What you need depends on whether you’re looking at businesses, households, or individuals as your main target groups. When possible, you should be able to segment households by income level, businesses by size, and workers by job type, education, and other factors. Employment statistics can add information about types of workers and their education and background. You can also divide your target customers into groups according to psychographics. This is your strategic market segmentation, a core element of your marketing strategy.
   Building your assumptions
   While estimating the total potential market, you must necessarily make some wide-reaching basic assumptions. You have to assume a price level for the new product, a relationship to substitutes, and certain economic justifications. You have to assume that the total market potential is a stable concept, not changing annually. This assumption allows you to project a gradual increase in penetration.
   Research, explore, explain
   For each of your market segments, the market analysis should explain as much as possible about the target customers included in that group. That normally includes the segment description, needs and requirements, distribution channels, competitive forces, communications, and keys to success. Each of the following might be a topic in the plan:
   Segment description
   You need a basic description of each target segment that includes attributes that characterize the segment, such as the number of potential customers, annual growth rate, annual spending, and market value. The more detail you include, the better.
   Needs and requirements
   The best marketing always focuses on customer needs. Why do they need your product or service? What is going to make them buy? Don’t get trapped into merely marketing what you have when you should be identifying a customer need and working toward fulfilling it.
   Distribution channels
   What are the standard channels of distribution for this customer segment? How are they different from other segments? This is especially important for product businesses marketing through channels, but in all cases you need to know where your customers go to satisfy those needs and requirements.

The Advertising Revenue Model

1. The advertising revenue model is one of the oldest and simplest to implement. This method borrows heavily from the business model that newspapers have used for hundreds of years. The idea is simple. Attract eyeballs and then sell space to other companies or individuals who will pay you to put ads in front of those eyeballs. For use on the Internet, the advertising revenue model breaks up into two main subcategories: direct and contextual advertising.
   Direct Advertising

2. Direct advertising is the most traditional method which involves selling ad space directly to businesses on a monthly, impression based, such as CPM (cost per 1000 web site impressions), CPC (cost per click), or other direct agreement. This revenue model typically involves the most work, but can also reap the highest amount of income. Direct contact and relationship management is often required and your business may need a dedicated sales department to handle the selling, billing, renewals and fulfillment of direct advertisements.

The Importance of Search Engine Optimization
Before you begin planning your search engine strategy it's worth considering exactly how important the results are to you. This is because you need to decide how much energy and resources to put into SEO, so you need to know what sort of results to expect for your efforts. If the benefits are likely to be minimal then you might be better off spending your energy on other areas of the website. On the other hand, if your entire business plan relies on good search engine results, you should be prepared to spend a lot of time and money getting them.
It's easy to assume that by having good search rankings, lots of people will find for your website and become customers. You need to test this thinking and make sure you're not just being optimiztic. Who exactly is the type of person you expect to attract? Imagine them as a single real person, sitting at a computer. Why will this person use the internet to find your product? What will they expect to find? If they do find your website, will they buy from you or will they just use you for information and buy somewhere
Online Intermediaries

Online Intermediaries make transactions between third parties easier through allowing access, host and transmit index content.

They play a very important role in business. They help maintain a connection between buyers and sellers.

For instance if someone wants to open a small business on the internet, he will not be able to attract a lot of customers without the use of an online intermediary such as e-bay where he can actually make an account and display his products and therefore making things easier for him which actually affects his business since it brings him more customers.

There are a lot of types for online intermediaries such as e-commerce intermediaries.

E-commerce intermediaries have one very important characteristic. Not only they connect Buyers and suppliers but also they allow for internet transactions to be performed.

They do provide B2B as well as B2C proposals.

Some intermediaries or Internet service providers deliver their own content.

--- Chapter 3

e-business initiatives
Every Organization has concentrates or contemplating implementation of e-business initiatives for the development of their business. So, for implementation of e-business they have needed IT services. The organization must have prepared a plan and select a model and review IT enabling investments and capabilities upon which specific service area of items to focus immediately. Then only, the organization can implement the successful e business initiatives.

A small number of organizations are advanced and there are many important e business projects and initiatives occurring around the country. Different business cases are needed for different eBusiness initiatives. For instance, a business case to implement e business within a stand-alone, single campus university will be different to a business case to implement e business within all, as regards in decision making. A long-term business plan, reviewed annually, guides the eBusiness project through the development and implementation phases. In this way, the stakeholders are motivated and drive the initiative.
Internet technology
Internet Services Technology covers a broad range of technologies used for web development, web production, design, networking, and e-commerce. The field also covers Internet programming, website maintenance, Internet architect, and web master.

Internet Technology
The Internet Society is focused on ensuring that a healthy, sustainable Internet is available to everyone – today and for the next billion users. Technology-focused programmes are a vital component of the Internet Society’s mission. We work to facilitate the open development of standards, protocols, administration, and to ensure a robust, secure technical infrastructure.

To the right are some of the Internet Society’s current technology topics. Click on each for a brief overview of why we believe they are important, our current activities,

Blogs and blogging
Blogging is a way of expressing one’s thoughts, ideas, opinions or experiences by posting articles on a blog.
A blog (also known as web-log) is a type of website or a part of a website maintained analogous to a journal or a diary. As in a journal, it has regularly updated chronological posts.
A blog is usually run and maintained by an individual, known as blogger.
Blogging is generally interactive in nature, which allows visitors to leave comments.
Even they can communicate via widgets on the blogs, and hence blogging makes your website interactive and dynamic in nature.
Intranets and Extranets
An "intranet" is the generic term for a collection of private computer networks within an organization. An "extranet" is a computer network that allows controlled access from the outside for specific business or educational purposes. Intranets and extranets are communication tools designed to enable easy information sharing within workgroups.

E-mail
It's hard to remember what our lives were like without e-mail. Ranking up there with the Web as one of the most useful features of the Internet, e-mail has become one of today's standard means of communication. Billions of messages are sent each year. If you're like most people these days, you probably have more than one e-mail address. After all, the more addresses you have, the more sophisticated you look...
E-mail is part of the standard TCP/IP set of protocols. Sending messages is typically done by SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) and receiving messages is handled by POP3 (Post Office Protocol 3), or IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol). IMAP is the newer protocol, allowing you to view and sort messages on the mail server, without downloading them to your hard drive.
Web feed
This is a data format used for providing users with frequently updated content. Content distributors. A typical scenario of web feed use is: a content provider publishes a feed link on their site which end users can register with an aggregator program .
EDI (Electronic Data Interchange)
An EDI message contains a string of data elements, each of which represents a singular fact, such as a price, product model number, and so forth, separated by delimiter. The entire string is called a data segment. One or more data segments framed by a header and trailer form a transaction set, which is the EDI unit of transmission (equivalent to a message). A transaction set often consists of what would usually be contained in a typical business document or form. The parties who exchange EDI transmissions are referred to as trading partners.
SLEPT analysis
Before creating business plans or when evaluating existing ones it is important to 'scan' the external environment. This takes the form of a SLEPT analysis, i.e. an investigation of the Social, Legal, Economic, Political, and Technological influences on a business. In addition it is also important to be aware of the actions of your competitors. These forces are continually in a state of change.
Social factors relate to pattern of behavior, tastes, and lifestyles. A major component of this is a change in consumer behavior resulting from changes in fashions and styles. The age structure of the population also alters over time (currently we have an ageing population). An understanding of social change gives business a better feel for the future market situation.
Laws are continually being updated in a wide range of areas, e.g. consumer protection legislation, environmental legislation, health & safety and employment law, etc.
Businesses need to take a pro-active approach and be ahead of these changes, rather than hurriedly making alterations to products and processes in a reactive way.
Economic changes are closely related to social ones. The economy goes through a series of fluctuations associated with general booms and slumps in economic activity. In a boom nearly all businesses benefit and in a slump most lose out. Other economic changes that affect business include changes in the interest rate, wage rates, and the rate of inflation (i.e. general level of increase in prices). Businesses will be more encouraged to expand and take risks when economic conditions are right, e.g. low interest rates and rising demand.

cookies
Also known as browser cookies or tracking cookies, cookies are small, often encrypted text files, located in browser directories. They are used by web developers to help users navigate their websites efficiently and perform certain functions. Due to their core role of enhancing/enabling usability or site processes, disable cookies may prevent users from using certain websites.
Cookies are created when a user's browser loads a particular website. The website sends information to the browser which then creates a text file. Every time the user goes back to the same website, the browser retrieves and sends this file to the website's server. Computer Cookies are created not just by the website the user is browsing but also by other websites that run ads, widgets, or other elements on the page being loaded. These cookies regulate how the ads appear or how the widgets and other elements function on the page.For Managing cookies for different browsers .
E-commerce and globalization
As we look back on the year 2011, ecommerce organizations continued to expand their global reach. A growing number of US and European retailers started shipping internationally. Brands enabled ecommerce on their own websites in new markets and launched online stores on marketplaces in multiple countries. Other companies with an interest in global ecommerce used the year to gain insights into new markets, determining which ones to prioritize in the years ahead. Rumors swirled about Amazon preparing to enter India Or Brazil
For many companies, however, the globalization process is still just beginning. Aside from a handful of companies that operate ecommerce sites around the world, few companies have a truly global online footprint. The growing number of US- and European-based companies that ship internationally will see revenues increase from these markets, but will start to hit a language ceiling: Close to two-thirds of online consumers in both France and Germany, for example, agreed with the statement, “I only shop from websites in my native language.” In the UK, the percentage is close to three-quarters.
What is Internet Governance?

The development and application by governments, the private sector and civil society, in their respective roles, of shared principles, norms, rules, decision-making procedures, and programmers that shape the evolution and use of the Internet.

E-Government

involves the department of public sector service capacity across a number of areas a number of areas, including enterprise development and regulation, law enforcement and the courts, education, social service, taxation, citizenship development, and basic service such as utilities or recreational programs. Electronic government in this sense focuses on the basic ability of citizen and enterprise leader to communicate more effectively with the hey Government officials to communicate with each other and to speed up the processing of work, particularly work that involves transactions (e.g. pay bills, fees, taxes), the need to manipulate data, and to deliver actual services (e.g. instruction, licenses, counseling, etc) online. While electronic government in this sense obviously involve new funding represents a relatively minor challenge compared to the challenges of developing new hiring, training and management regimes. These human resource aspects of information technology development, in particular, have been shown to represent an increasingly large proportion of the total cost of developing these new technologies. That is as the cost of the hardware and software declines the focus of the management needs to be on issues such as increasing the computer literacy among staff members, developing a technology-friendly organizational culture, increasing the tolerance for experimentation and failure, indentifying opportunities for inter-agency and intergovernmental collaboration and balancing the supports for technology among the various functions of government. Balochistan province is keenly pursuing Federal Government initiative for realizing-e-government. Due to lack of infrastructure and readily availability of data hampers and delays routine business. Balochistan Government is of the view that if possible e-government experience of developed countries may be looked into so that time and resources can be saved. Few priorities of Balochistan Government are as listed below:

Broadband
In general, broadband refers to telecommunication in which a wide band of frequencies is available to transmit information. Because a wide band of frequencies is available, information can be multiplexed and sent on many different frequencies or channels within the band concurrently, allowing more information to be transmitted in a given amount of time (much as more lanes on a highway allow more cars to travel on it at the same time). Related terms are wideband (a synonym), one-channel band), and narrowband,sometimes meaning just wide enough to carry voice, or simply "not broadband," and sometimes meaning specifically between 50 cps and 64 Kpbs).

Electronic contracts
E-contract is any kind of contract formed in the course of e-commerce by the interaction of two or more individuals using electronic means, such as e-mail, the interaction of an individual with an electronic agent, such as a computer program, or the interaction of at least two electronic agents that are programmed to recognize the existence of a contract. The Uniform Computer Information Transactions Act provides rules regarding the formation, governance, and basic terms of an e-contract. Traditional contract principles and remedies also apply to e-contracts. This is also known as electronic contract.

Closing Note
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