I saw a very interesting strategy in the news recently: A company managed to manufacture a synthetic rhino horn that could not be distinguished from the real thing (keratin isn't exactly a hard compound to acquire or reproduce). Their goal was to flood the markets with the fake horns, driving the supply up and tanking the value placed on poached horns. The gains from poaching rhinos would soon pale in comparison to the cost of being caught doing so, and hopefully deter some of the poaching.