A single lion almost certainly would fail in an attempt to kill a full grown healthy adult rhinoceros. Luckily for lions, they usually hunt in groups. If a large hunting party of lions set their minds on killing an adult rhino, I think there is a chance that they could bring it down, but there is also a good chance that they could not.
But the contest is one on one, so I guess rhino has the edge. It was a difficult one.