Species Kopi(Coffee Species)

Before we discuss what species are present in the coffee plant, let us remember the definition of the species. And we use the simplest language possible to be easily understood by anyone, this discussion is not for coffee professionals and botanical experts plants.

Referring to scientific journals as well as articles published by botanists, the species is a taxon that refers to a group or groups of similarity to each other and can mutually fertilize both naturally and in crossing. For example, Arabica coffee species, typica varietal and robusta coffee species, both are the same - coffee and can be crossing but still have differences if the checked in detail. So, the varieties of coffee are subspecies of each coffee species.

Coffee can not be crossing with jackfruit because of different species and DNA and comes from different ancestors. So, this is simple understanding. For detailed information please read the articles or scientific journals about plant species or plant taxonomy.

Generaly, there are four species of coffee, although in fact there are other species but not familiar and the number of them are small.

1. Arabika/
   Kopi arabika merupakan species kopi pertama yang di kembangkan oleh manusia, species kopi arabika yang sangat rentan terhadap penyakit karat daun. Species kopi arabika bisa di tumbuh di atas 800 – 1700 di atas permukaan laut. Pada daerah dengan ketinggian 1000 – 800 mdpl biasanya sangat rentan terhadap penyakit. Species kopi arabika memiliki banyak varietas misalnya varietas typica, bourbon catura, pacas dan seterusnya, Silahkan lihat list varietas yang pernah kami publish sebelumnya.

2. Robusta
   Kopi robusta juga di kenal sebagai Coffea canephora, pemain kedua terbesar setelah kopi arabika di market International. Contoh varietas robusta, Klon BP308, BP234 dan seterusnya. Lengkapnya lihat website pusat penelitian kopi dan kakao Indonesia.
   Untuk membudidayakan kopi robusta tetap di butuhkan lahan yang subur seperti arabika tapi bisa tumbuh subur di daerah agak lebih rendah di bandingkan dengan species kopi arabika kira – kira 900 meter di atas permukaan laut. Apakah tidak ada robusta di budidayakan di dataran tinggi, jawabanya ada tapi tidak banyak karena petani lebih memilih arabika untuk dataran tinggi.

3. Excelsa
   Salah satu species kopi yang masih di perdebatkan oleh para pakar botani dan taksonomi adalah exelsa, sebagian pakar mengganggapnya sebagai subspecies atau varietas dari liberica, dan yang lain menyebutkan sebagai species tersendiri. Pertama kali di temukan di pegunungan afrika barat pada tahun 1905 oleh ahli botani asal prancis August Chevalier.

4. Liberica
   Kopi liberica dengan nama ilmiah Coffea liberica var. Liberica menjadi populer ketika di kembangkan di Indonesia untuk menggantikan kopi arabika yang di serang oleh penyakit karat daun di beberapa wilayah Indonesia. Menurut beberapa jurnal yang pernah kami baca kopi ini juga berasal dari afrika yang tumbuh secara liar pada awalnya.
   Contohnya dapat di lihat di link ini https://www.youtube.com/gayocoffeefarm, dan lihat video liberica

English Version

1. Arabica Coffee
   Arabica coffee is the first species of coffee developed by humans, a species of arabica coffee, it is very susceptible to leaf rust disease. The arabica coffee species can grew above 800 - 1700 above sea level. In areas with an altitude of 800 - 1000 mdpl are usually very susceptible to disease. Species of arabica coffee have many varieties such as varieties of typica, bourbon catura, pacas and so on, Please see the list of varieties we've published before.

2. Robusta Coffee
   Robusta coffee is also known as Coffea canephora, the second largest player after arabica coffee in the International market. Examples of robusta varieties,Klon BP308, BP234 and so on. For more information see the Indonesian coffee and cocoa research center website. The cultivation of robusta coffee remains in need of fertile soil like arabica but can flourish in somewhat lower area in comparison with arabica coffee species about 900 meters above sea level. Whether there is no robusta cultivated in the highlands, the answer is there but not much because farmers prefer arabica for the highlands area.

3. Exelsa Coffee
   One of coffee species still debated by botanists and taxonomists is exelsa, some experts regard it as subspecies or varieties of liberica, and others mention it as a separate species. First found in the mountains of western Africa in 1905 by the French botanist August Chevalier.

4. Liberica coffee
   Liberica Coffee with scientific name Coffea liberica var. Liberica became popular when developed in Indonesia to replace arabica coffee which is attacked by leaf rust disease in some parts area of Indonesia. According to some of the journals, this coffee is also originated from africa which grows wild in the beginning.

Note

Species : kelompok/golonganya
Varietas : subspecies
Hybrid : Hybrid terkadang tidak bisa di anggap satu species misalnya varietas HDT
berasal dari perkawinan silang antara arabika dan robusta sehingga sering di
sebut arobusta (Dua Species)

Bila ada kesalahan dari apa yang saya paparkan ini mohon di berikan koreksi agar tidak terjadi kesalahpahaman di generasi berikutnya. Thank you

If there was a mistake what I explain, please give a correction to avoid misunderstandings in the next generation. Thank you