出奇制胜的弹性思维Surprisingly flexible thinking

in #cn6 years ago (edited)

Surprisingly flexible thinking
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If the traditional way of thinking is to solve problems step by step, then the flexible thinking is to let you jump out of the traditional thinking framework, perspective the overall situation, surprisingly winning.
First of all, David Wallerstein, who is not very familiar with this person, but what he does affects almost every one of us. Wallerstein worked for a chain cinema in the 1960s. The main income from the cinema was not from the box office but from popcorn and cola. Actually, this is also the case. Wallerstein is mainly responsible for increasing the sales of popcorn and cola.
Wallerstein first used the traditional method, like buying one get one free, daytime field offers, but nothing. One day, Wallerstein suddenly epiphany, he thought, perhaps people really want to eat more popcorn, but they do not want to be seen to buy two bags, because it would seem particularly greedy. It should be noted that gluttony is a taboo that is deeply rooted in Western culture. This is one of the seven sins in the Bible. Wouldn’t it be good if they could eliminate their emotional resistance to buying a second bag of popcorn? Why don't you want to buy two bags and still want to eat more? Wallerstein introduced large barrels of popcorn. As a result, not only popcorn sales have soared, but even Coca-Cola's sales have gone up. This is also a good understanding, eat much, of course, drink more.
So, flexible thinking is a bit like jumping out of the frame. However, it is not easy for people to jump out of the traditional thinking framework. You will know again about Wallerstein’s experience with McDonald's.
In the mid-1970s when Wallerstein entered McDonald's, he advised McDonald's founder Ray Kroc to sell larger-packed French fries. At the time, Clarke said: "If customers want to eat more fries, they can buy two packages." It doesn't work. When McDonald's adopted this strategy, it was 1990 and it took nearly 20 years. At that time, the oversized packaging was nothing new, and it was already popular.
When people think, they will form a fixed thinking framework based on previous experience or social environment. This thinking framework determines the way we look at things and their perspective. For example, how do we view an object, what is valued in an object, what is ignored, and what are the default premise are all in this framework, which is called a paradigm in science and called a paradigm. If there is a major event in one area that changes the original assumption or law, it is called Paradigm shift.
The term was coined by the American scientific philosopher Thomas Kuhn in the book The Structure of the Scientific Revolution. For example, when people discovered that the earth was round rather than flat, all previous analyses and understandings of the earth were almost entirely reconsidered. Fundamentally speaking, the paradigm shift is to allow people to rush out of the original constraints and restrictions, and to open up new possibilities for people's thinking and actions.
Whether it is personal life or science, everyone has formed their own thinking framework through experience accumulation and formed their own paradigms. Afterwards, some people have remained in place and some have evolved their own thinking framework. Those who have achieved self-paradigm shifts, that is, those who have continuously upgraded their awareness, are better able to adapt to a changing environment and have more advantages.

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用传统思维把常规工作和生活处理好,用弹性思维寻找突破,无论如何,都是为了更从容地应对这个世界,正如文章里所说:“社会会奖励那些积极面对改变的人,也会惩罚那些固步自封的人。”

除了放空大脑外,另一个方法是先干费脑子的活,把自己的大脑干累了。执行网络和默认网络属于轮班上岗,一个上岗了,另一个就休息。但咱们刚才也讲了,弹性思维的核心是默认网络,得让大脑放松下来,那怎么办呢?先让执行网络干活,消耗它的能量,它累了,默认网络就有机会了。

培养弹性思维主要有两个办法,一个是放空;一个是先干费脑子的活,把大脑干累了再说。这两个方法听起来可能都有点匪夷所思,咱们下面就来具体说说。

研究者在2015年做了实验,证实了这一点。研究者发现,先让实验对象做冗长的电脑练习,来消耗执行网络。在他们的执行能力变差后,也就是大脑执行网络疲惫了,再让他们进行弹性思维测试,考察他们的创造力和创意。研究者给实验对象几分钟,让他们想出一些家居用品的更多用途,像是水桶、报纸之类的。结果发现,当研究对象的电脑练习执行能力很差,也就是执行网络很疲惫时,实验对象的想象力和创造力却变得更强。

但是想形成新的思维框架,有所突破,靠的还是弹性思维,那我们要怎么培养弹性思维呢?

咱们通常都觉得,脑子最清醒时最有创意,但今天的内容让我们知道,恰恰相反,当大脑很累,不能集中注意力做事情时,弹性大脑反而会更活跃。所以在安排任务时,把累脑子的活放前面,需要创意的活放后面,会有更好的效果。

人的大脑中大致有两种思维状态,一种负责集中注意力,处在这个状态下的大脑模式叫执行网络——Executive Network。比如说,你现在要是在认真听咱们专栏,跟着我的讲解理解内容,那用到的就是大脑的执行网络,但是这个执行网络只能帮助你完成任务,不能让你产生创意。

另一种网络,默认网络,Default Network,是弹性思维的核心思维状态。默认网络下的大脑,处于放空状态,很多时候,我们甚至都意识不到它的存在。但就是这个默认网络,帮助我们理解最近的经历和学习的内容,整合吸收新经验,产生创意,想出那些有突破性的解决方案。

大脑只有在放空状态下,才能进入产生创造力的默认模式。但问题就在于,现代人实在是缺乏放空时间,手机不离手,文章中说,58%的成年人几乎每小时就要看下手机,而我自己觉得是不止的。所以当你有什么问题需要思考,或者是想有那么一刻的顿悟给自己带来突破,你得先为大脑营造合适的环境,放空大脑,像散步、冥想、休息,甚至是带着问题睡觉都算。

你只需看着别人精彩,老天对你另有安排。

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