LeetCode 1 | Two Sum 两数之和

in #cn5 years ago

题目描述

给定一个整数数组 和一个目标值 ,在该数组中找出和为目标值的那两个整数,并返回他们的数组下标。

例如:

nums = [2, 7, 11, 15]
target = 9

因为 nums[0] + nums[1] = 2 + 7 = 9

所以返回 [0, 1]

分析

最容易想到是暴力解法, 即使用两个循环, 遍历所有可能的情况, 查找两两相加结果是期望值的结果

/**
 * @param {number[]} nums
 * @param {number} target
 * @return {number[]}
 */

// 暴力解法
// 时间复杂度:O(n的二次方)
// 空间复杂度:O(1)

var twoSum = function(nums, target) {

    let l = nums.length

    for (let i = 0; i < l;i++) {

        for (let j = i + 1; j < l; j++) {

        // 如果两数相加等于期望值 返回两数的下标

            if (nums[i] + nums[j] === target) {

                return [i, j]

            }

        }

    }

};

这种方式好比两个人对暗号, 每两个人都要互相询问一遍,才能配对,时间消耗大。

为了减少时间复杂度, 可以使用登记册(Hash表)的方式,这是一种用更多的空间 ,换取更快的时间的一种常用法,步骤为先循环一遍,让每个人把自己的暗号和对应索引记录在登记册上。所有人登记完毕后, 再次遍历一遍,从记录完成的Hash表中找到每个人需要对应的暗号,如果找到了,就返回自己的索引和Hash表中对上暗号的索引。

/**
 * @param {number[]} nums
 * @param {number} target
 * @return {number[]}
 */

// 两遍Hash表
// 时间复杂度:O(n) (2 * n)
// 空间复杂度:O(n) 所需的额外空间取决于哈希表中存储的元素数量,该表中存储了 n 个元素

var twoSum = function(nums, target) {

    let hash = {}

    // 把数组中每个元素的值和数组索引, 作为key和value, 记录在hash表中
    for (let i=0; i < nums.length; i++) {

        hash[nums[i]] = i

    }

    // 从hash表中取配对结果
    for (let i=0; i < nums.length; i++) {

        // t为当前数组元素满足相加和为target的元素值
        let t = target - nums[i]

        // 如果hash表中有配对值 又不是当前元素自己, 则配对成功
        if (hash[t] >= 0 && hash[t] !== i) {

            return [i, hash[t]]

        }

    }
    
};

hash表登记和配对的过程可以同时进行,如果一个人在Hash表中找到了自己的暗号,则配对成功, 返回Hash表中对应暗号的下标和自己的下标,否则就把自己的暗号登记下来,这样一遍下来就可以对上暗号

/**
 * @param {number[]} nums
 * @param {number} target
 * @return {number[]}
 */

// 一遍 Hash表
// 时间复杂度:O(n)
// 空间复杂度:O(n)

var twoSum = function(nums, target) {

    let hash = {}

    for (let i=0; i < nums.length; i++) {

        let t = target - nums[i]

        // hash表中有值 则配对成功返回
        if (hash[t] >= 0) {

            return [hash[t], i]

        }

        // 没找到值, 把自己的值和下标登记在hash表
        hash[nums[i]] = i

    }
};
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