1954-1984, Shandong Province, out of 217 emperors | Elephant Association.

The original title: 1954-1984, Shandong out of 217 emperors | Elephant Association died half a century later, the emperors are still fought in China.
Han Ningning In December 1959, the last emperor of China, Aixinjueluo Puyi, was released from jail for life in Beijing until his death,.
After Pu Yiyi was released, Puyi repeatedly accompanied Mao Zhou and others to meet with foreign guests. When they were introduced, they often quickly added that "Pu Yi, now a glorious citizen of the People's Republic of China," mostly did not know that just before his reemployment, .
On August 3, 1962, accompanied by four "escorting ministers," Song Song of Changling County, Jilin Province, came to the Hall of Supreme Harmony of the Imperial Palace in Beijing and sat in a dragon chair in the temple and declared his throne as " .
▍ the Great Hall of the Supreme Court of the dragon chair This is too much to pursue the form of practice, so that Song paid the price of the rapid collapse: the emperor did not a while, he was heard by police came on the spot, after the counter-revolutionary crime.
In the period of socialist construction, many people lack the most basic political common sense. For example, Yan Shaolin, a farmer who was the emperor in Lingshou County in 1957, has not only a nearly zero level of education, but also a disabled leg, .
In the same period, some of the working people in the posters of the Chinese propaganda book were even accused of being psychopaths, such as the leader of the restoration of "Sage's Cause Road" in Lin Mu County, Shandong Province, who lived together with the sick daughter-in-law and was called her "real dragon" .
More "emperor" came from the civil religion that suffered a great blow after the founding of the People's Republic of China. In the famine of the late 1950s and early 1960s, he decisively shot.
According to the statistics of "Gazetteer of Public Security of Gansu Province", from 1950 to 1972, Gansu captured 29 "emperors", of whom 23 were chiefs or believers of folk religions such as Taoist Shamanism and Shamanism.
一 Tiantai Mountain Taoist Square in Kaohsiung, Taiwan, especially the non-governmental religious personnel who dealt with the new regime, even saw the chance of revenge during the Great Leap Forward and the political movement.
Such as Henan Xuchang area has always been roundabout, had been sentenced to life imprisonment, shortly after the release of commutation, it attempted to lead the starvation of people.
Sung, who is ascended the throne at the Hall of Supreme Harmony, is also the leader of the folk religion "Jiugongdao" itself.
In addition to proclaiming himself the emperor in the dragon chair, he even touted the political slogans of "socialism is over".
In addition, many of the workers and peasants and cadres who have been the cornerstone of the regime have embarked on the path of proclaiming emperor in famine, using the slogan of "for the sake of heaven".
In 1957, the Ministry of Public Security analyzed the composition of 60 elements of a riot case and found that only 60e class enemies, and the remaining 24 were all of good composition, namely, workers, peasants, professional soldiers, .
The class enemies include landlords, rich peasants, counterrevolutionaries, bad elements, rightists, capitalists, etc. Emperor Shanzong, who was the emperor of Zitong County in Shaanxi Province in 1957, once participated in the Korean War and claimed to be "Antarctica" .
These varied priests, irrespective of their mentality or their deliberation, resort to religious power to varying degrees.
Famine moment, what makes them under the blessing of folk religion Huangpao body, anti-party emperor? .
Therefore, as a rare social organization of people in traditional society, clan religions have long been under the vigilance of the regime.
In the opinion of the Shunzhi Emperor, civil religion threatens law and order and once said that "the capital is an important place and people must be banned immediately from excuse to go in for incense." In particular, although the vast majority of sects are moderate, at every moment of disaster, .
Where does mobilization of folk religions come from? .
Many folk religions in China have the concept of "three end robberies," which means that the universe is divided into three periods: "Qingyang", "Hongyang" and "Baiyang", representing the past, present and future respectively.
There will be a natural disaster at the end of each period, but religion can be safe and secure, and the new world after it arrives.
▍ The third phase of different deities to dominate riot leaders such as the Huidao Gate of Xuanhan County in 1960 in Sichuan Province publicly declared that "there have been ten tragic tendencies in recent years to flood the sky and reduce the plague".
In extreme cases, devout believers even die generously for their beliefs.
In July 1976, there was a rumor in Youdei Gate, An County, Sichuan Province that "the robbery has come. An earthquake centered on Chengdu will make Sichuan an ocean." His followers will be sent by Master Zisha to Nirvana.
On the morning of the 27th, 61 worshipers, singing and dancing under the leadership of the leader, jumped into the pond and eventually killed 41 people.
Second, in times of disaster, folk religions tend to point people to "Ming Lu".
Taking the Great Leap Forward as an example, when famine prevailed at that time, folk religions developed their faith from the direction of obtaining food and averting hunger.
To promote the "ten tragedy and tenacity" of the Propaganda Road, we proposed the contract of production of "self-contained fields" to urge their followers to "cancel public canteens" and "open their granary to full meals".
About a thousand people participated in the riot, 50,000 pounds of food were robbed, 138 pigs were slaughtered.
Therefore, the emperor during the famine was also particularly high yield, especially in the disaster-stricken areas.
Such as Anhui Fuyang area, only in 1957 captured the emperor 31, a number of empress.
全 National Famine from 1957 to 1963 / Source: China Disaster Report, National Bureau of Statistics. In addition, the religious affliction of hungry people also offers the possibility of class transition.
Once the success of the emperor's business, early followers naturally "grow with the team", from leap to general leap is not difficult to achieve.
As a result, the number of officials in the post-imperial administration often exceeds disproportionate proportions in the imperial and imperialist movement of folk religions.
From 1954 to 1984, Shandong Province detected a total of 2,503 congressional cases, of which 217 were summoned to serve as "emperor" leaders.
In the same period, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province, captured a total of 458 members of the Huidao Gate, including 21 "emperor", 29 "empress", more than 40 "Prime Minister", "Marshal" and "Prime Minister".
▍ The spring of 1957 witnessed the outbreak of the "North Korea-South Korea" riot in Anhui Province as a propaganda typical of the counter-revolutionary cases. The picture shows that the "princely generals" led by "Emperor" Han Beixian is even more exaggerated. In 1959, .
However, so many emperors will phase, and finally not only did not one accomplish great cause, and even few people left a trace in history.
What measures the party and government have taken to make so many emperors have never existed? .
Before 1949, folk religious groups were the object of party unity. It was not uncommon for grass-roots party organizations to cooperate with the participating groups until after the war of resistance against Japan in 1927, as well as the record of members joining the ranks of the people's army.
In the propaganda work of the party, folk religions are sometimes used to boost morale.
On March 3, 1947, the CPC Central Committee of the CPC Committee of the CPC Liao Dynasty and China Liao Dynasty published a myth of "Five Indeterminate Bears," in the "Sheng Sheng Bao", saying that there was a sudden flash of red light in some places and a stone tablet appeared after the red light had disappeared. .
After 1949, folk religion gradually became an unstable factor in grassroots power.
On October 10, 1950, the Central Party Committee issued the "Directive on the Suppression of Counterrevolutionary Activities" and opened the prelude to the suppression of the Taoist movement.
In response to the call, Beijing launched a two-month campaign of "banning one consistent route." Only "rebel leader" arrested 381 people, shot 42 of them, closed 1283 large and small jars, and 178,074 declared retreat.
退 "safe to retirement security": The picture shows the followers of the reactionary road Taoists in the retreat book signature retreat the following year, the government promulgated the "PRC Anti-Revolutionary Punishment Ordinance," defined the sentencing criteria: the use of feudal society, .
Since then, the government has repeatedly launched the campaign of "banning the reactionary" road and achieved fruitful results.
判 Sentences of relevant persons in "Emperor" case in Dongming County, Shandong Province in 1958.
Somewhat suspiciously, 34-year-old "Emperor" and two 50-year-old "Niangniang" are among the sources / sources: "Rebellion and Folk Religion in Rural China 1957-1965" Between 1951 and 1956, Gansu .
Jiangxi Province is also comparable, in 1949 to 1959, cleared more than 1.3 million Taoists, accounting for about 9ovince's population that year,.
During the campaign, all local governments gave full play to the spirit of judicial innovation, amazing work efficiency.
From 1958 to 1960, Tianchang County Court of Anhui Province, in order to create a safe environment for the people as soon as possible, put an official seal on the blank verdict in advance, so that when confronting the counter-revolutionaries, it could immediately make a judgment and spot control.
Apart from cracking down on folk religions, the party and the government have also started work among the masses in an effort to prevent a large number of people from being incited by folk religions.
For example, during the Great Leap Forward, the government streamlined urban workers on a large scale and decentralized tens of millions of urban residents within three years.
In addition, the government has also implemented the "three packages and one package" policy of developing a free market, repaying and expanding the policy of private ownership of land, industry and commerce for their own profits and losses, and agricultural production at home.
▍ The long-term prospects of "Three Independences and One Package" were severely criticized during the Cultural Revolution. "Production by Household" did increase the output of food in some hardest hit areas. There is a 225-person village in Huimin County, Shandong Province. From 1959 to 1961 .
In addition, the government took the initiative in handling a number of grassroots cadres who were directly responsible for the famine, investigated and handled some cases of violations of laws and regulations, subsided the anger of the masses and dispeled the questioning of the Party and the state by malicious people.
After repeated clean-up and remediation, rebellion by civil religions is nearly extinct.
However, one hundred dense secret, with the national mandatory family planning policy since 1980, civil rewards the emperor has all the ups and downs.
In 1985, Sichuan peasants once gathered thousands of people who dived out of family planning and wanted to occupy the county hospital. They claimed to own emperor.
Rotary defeat, was sentenced to life imprisonment.
References: Li Ruojian, Rebel and Folk Religion in Rural China, 21st Century, 2013 Li Ruojian, Social Turmoil and Control in the Great Leap Forward and Difficulties, 2000, 2000.