What is the block chain -- the birth of bitcoin / 区块链是什么(一) -- 比特币的诞生

话说2008年，正值美国金融危机肆虐全球，美国央行带头量化宽松，就是疯狂印钞票，然后把这些绿色纸片片借给大家，让大家去消费投资，让经济这潭水活起来。不难想象，经济体里钱突然多了起来，我们的钱是不是就不值钱了？原来经济体总共有一万块钱，你的一块钱值多少钱，如果央行多印了一万块钱，简单理解是不是你一块钱的购买力就缩水一半？这就是所谓的通货膨胀。

On 2008, when the global financial crisis, the Central Bank of the United States to take the lead in quantitative easing, is printing money like crazy, and then put these pieces of green to you, let you go to make this water consumption and investment, economic life. It's not hard to imagine that the money has suddenly risen in the economy. Is it not worth our money? The total cost of the original economy is ten thousand yuan. How much does your piece cost? If the central bank prints ten thousand yuan, do you understand that your purchasing power of one yuan will be reduced by half? This is what is called inflation.

央行所拥有的这种发行纸币的权力、这种任性，掌握了经济体的生杀大权、更掌控了我们私房钱的实际价值，这令互联网极客很不满，他们不喜欢这种中心权力，他们喜欢互联网这种去中心化的机构，他们想用互联网技术来颠覆目前的中心化货币、甚至颠覆整个世界。于是乎，中本聪横空出世，一篇奇文诞生了比特币。

The central bank has issued paper money power, this capricious, grasp the actual value of the economy, more control over the reins of our case-dough, which makes the Internet very dissatisfied with the geeks, they do not love the center of power, they love the Internet to the center of the agency, they want to use the Internet technology to subvert the center at present, the money, and even subvert the entire world. As a result, Nakamoto was born, a queer birth bitcoin.

让我们再听听他文章的名字：Bitcoin：A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System。先了解一下，啥叫个Peer-to-Peer。Peer啥意思，Peer就是对等的人，大家都是对等的、是身份相同的，咱们直接Peer-to-Peer，不要经过任何中间实体，咱们直接对话、直接操作，这就是Peer-to-Peer，根本就不要中介、不需要中心，此所谓P2P技术（对等计算）。其实，我倒觉将P2P理解为person-to-person更加直观，就是我们作为一个人、做为平等的人，咱就直接对话，person-to-person，不要任何中介，这样就不会有任何中心，大家都在互相person-to-person。简而言之，在 P2P技术中，网络中的参与者既是服务器（Server），又是客户（Client），既是资源提供者，又是资源获取者。

Let's listen to the name of his article: Bitcoin:A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System. First of all, what is a Peer-to-Peer. Peer what do you mean, Peer is equal, everyone is equal, is the same identity, we directly Peer-to-Peer, not through any intermediate entity, we direct dialogue, direct manipulation, this is Peer-to-Peer, not at all, does not need the intermediary, the so-called P2P Technology (P2P). In fact, I feel that P2P is understood as person-to-person more intuitive, that is, we as a person, as an equal person, we directly dialogue, person-to-person, do not have any intermediary, so that there will be no center, everyone is person-to-person each other. In short, in P2P technology, the participants in the network are both Server and Client. They are both resource providers and resource acquirer.

我们中国习惯上将Peer-to-Peer 翻译成“点对点”，仿佛是point-to-point一般，多少有些歪曲。如此一来，中本聪的大作就翻译成了《比特币：一种点对点的电子现金系统》，这个系统的目的就是要去中心化。那我们看看中心和点对点有什么区别呢？我们现有的支付体系是中心化的，体现在两个方面：第一，货币政策是由各个国家中央银行规定的，这就导致了可能的货币滥发，中本聪想要建立一个没有中心机构、并且规则明确的货币供应方式；第二，现有的支付体系是中心化的，比如说在淘宝上购物，钱是打进支付宝的，当我们收货以后钱再由支付宝打入卖家账户。支付宝所扮演的就是中心化的机构，因为买家与卖家彼此的不信任，必须要一个中心化的机构来扮演信用中心，大家都与信任中心发生联系，陌生人的买卖就实现了，淘宝成功了。但是这样做有两个缺点：一是信任中心权力越来越大，如果马云异想天开、给自己的支付宝账户多添几个零，我们能知道吗？二是，这些信用中心是要收费的，我们要为这种信用提供费用。中本聪想要建立的支付体系，就是要克服上述这些弊病，所以比特币网络最重要的特点就是：去中心化、公开透明，从技术上解决点对点的信任问题；并且将比特币的总量恒定在2100万枚，从而避免可能的通胀。

We Chinese customary to translate Peer-to-Peer into "point - to - point", as if it is point-to-point, a bit of misrepresentation. In this way, Zhong Ben's masterpiece was translated into bitcoin: a point to point e-cash system. The purpose of this system is to centralization. So what's the difference between the center and the point - to - point? Our existing payment system is the center of the embodied in two aspects: first, monetary policy is set by the central banks in different countries, which leads to possible monetary spamming, Nakamoto would like to build a center mechanism, and the money supply rules clear; second, the existing payment system is the center, such as shopping in Taobao, Alipay's money is scored, when we receive money from Alipay into the seller account. Is the center of Alipay as the institution, because buyers and sellers do not trust each other, must be a center of the credit institutions to play center, everyone associated with the trust center, stranger trading is realized, the success of Taobao. But there are two shortcomings: one is the trust center more and more power, if Ma whimsical, to their Alipay account added several zero, we can know? The two is that these credit centers are charged, and we have to pay for this kind of credit. Nakamoto So wanted to establish a payment system, is to overcome these drawbacks, so the most important features of the bitcoin network is decentralized, open and transparent, to solve the problem of trust to point from a technical point; and the total bitcoin constant in 21 million, so as to avoid possible inflation.

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