The polar aurora also known as aurora borealis is a phenomenon that occurs at the poles of our planet as its name may make us think, in the northern hemisphere it is known as aurora borealis and in the southern hemisphere it is known as the austral aurora.

The phenomenon is produced by abrupt changes in the Sun's magnetic field, dropping a large amount of energy in space. When there are solar storms, the Earth is invaded by a lot of solar winds. At this time the auroras are more common. However, if on the one hand we are graced with this beautiful show of lights of nature, on the other we are harmed. These solar winds interfere in the media (television signals, radars, telephony, satellites and various electronic systems, but it does not represent a risk to humanity.) There are different forms, colors and structures for this phenomenon there is no defined one.

The northern lights were observed and probably impressed the ancients a lot. In both the West and China, auroras were seen as snakes or dragons in the sky. The northern lights have been scientifically studied since the seventeenth century. In 1621, the French astronomer Pierre Gassendi describes this phenomenon observed in the south of France and gives it the name of polar aurora. In the 18th century, the British astronomer Edmond Halley suspects that the Earth's magnetic field plays a role in the formation of the aurora borealis. Henry Cavendish, in 1768, manages to assess the altitude at which the phenomenon occurs, but it was not until 1896 when he reproduced it in Kristian Birkeland's laboratory with the movements of the charged particles in a magnetic field, facilitating the understanding of the mechanism of formation of auroras.