Installation in fish farming: practical sheet
Installation in fish farming: practical sheet
The projects of installation in pisciculture being rare, it seems to us necessary to bring a little help to the reflection to those who carry this beautiful intention. According to Article L.431-6 of the Environmental Code,
"a fish farm is, within the meaning of Title I of Book II and Title III of Book IV, a holding for the purpose of raising fish intended for the consumption, repopulation, ornamentation, experimental or scientific purposes as well as tourism In the latter case, catching fish with lines is allowed in water bodies.
Disenchanted with the profession, complete lack of political encouragement, this situation is not conducive to arousing vocations. In this climate of undesirable rediscovery with regard to market demand, it is not surprising that the few annual candidates are floundering and hesitating. It's too bad.
Methodology
Below is the methodology to respect. The evoked elements are ranked in descending order of priority . This opinion commits only CEDEPA. The installation candidate can obviously dream and / or begin to investigate the points D, G or C ... but it will always return to square one and go through the steps according to this timeline.
A) investment capacity
At this stage, it is not yet essential to go into details with money, but it is necessary to have an intuition on the source of hypothetical funds: "could your parents, your wife or his parents finance, did you sell real estate, commercial or industrial property? ... »in short a substantial contribution, more potential than virtual, which will allow you to request a complementary banking assistance to concretize this beautiful project of installation or reconversion.
B) production objectives
What kind of production do you envisage? You already know if your preferences are for a particular type of fish farm and species (or species); this will determine the region to be prospected according to the requirements required by the targeted species: water t °, O²dissous etc ...)
C) the choice of a site
To work and to prospect ... not to dream: it is thus better to be interested in the sites for sale!
Reflection can (must?) Follow, still according to our opinion, the following path:
*EDAPHIC AND PHYSICAL FACTORS
Is there (or more) water supply, what is the interannual low water module? Do not neglect the examination of the nature of the watershed (anthropogenic impacts, pollution ...) topography, geology, pedology, pH ... These main factors can be approached very quickly from the office with the GIS, but they seem to us essential: it is necessary to Abundant water and the best quality possible. We know many fish farms abandoned because of severe recurrent low water.
*THE RIGHT OF WATER
If there is no authorization to derive / use water from a watercourse = fish farming is impossible (unless the feed comes from a source or a borehole, of course) ; There are ~ 60 000 thresholds in France: you will find your happiness. The "right of water" is an essential administrative element, but it is also necessary to be informed about the legal consistency of this right of water: it is "the regulation of water". If your famous "water right" historically authorizes the work to derive 60L / s, it is better not to have too many ambitions in terms of production; to be clearer, look for another site.
*RESTORATION OF A FARM ABANDONED OR EXPLOITED "FREEWHEELING"
This is in many ways a good solution on the express condition of not being "stuck": that its current configuration can, if necessary, be reorganized to meet your objectives and environmental constraints (which did not exist when the site has been created).
Anecdote: during a visit to a farmer who had bought a site for a short time. Seeing quickly that there were design problems in the water circuit, the positioning of the pools and not wanting to make derogatory remarks: "when buying, was the fish farming suitable for you? how would you have conceived it? " Answer: " it was not bad, just fine with me. " And during the entire visit, I observed diversion pipes in all directions, trenches and a little further, a mini-excavator. And the fish farmer explained to me that he completely reorganized the circuit of water and that he created at low point, filter basins planted to capture the MES. The answer must be interpreted in the logic of his project: "fish farming suited me because I knew I could rearrange it". In some cases, you are trapped in previous developments, topography, lack of land control. These hydraulic parameters must be considered before starting and do not forget to inquire about possible past health problems (pathologies) or pollution.
*THE CREATION EX NIHILO
Advantage: we create the "ideal" site. Intellectually, it's rewarding. Financially ... it's a lot heavier. Note: many sites could technically be suitable for fish farming in France. It is an untruth to claim that this is administratively not possible: the modalities of creation are provided in art L.214-3 of the EC.
D) the business takeover in activity
The account, the assets, what were the strong points, its customers, the possible risks, the reason (s) of the cessation of activity? retirement,? the date of validity of the prefectural decree, the possible difficulties for the thirty-year renewal, contracts and commitments in progress, others?
E) the economic component
Cost-effective and viable, which diversification products ... calculating the EBE.
Grants (FEP ...), if ADI request => see the CDOA
With a finalized business plan and the amount of the contribution (point A), it is only at this stage that you have to go to a bank
F) the administrative aspect
Very important introductory remark:
We have observed / deplored on a number of occasions total ignorance of the process to be followed, the instances to be questioned and the relevance of the questions asked. A file must be deposited with the Prefect. He is instructed by the DDT and sanctioned by obtaining a prefectural decree valid for 30 years. Point.
A vague or imprecise question to DDT will very rightly require it to go back to the origins of water legislation. It's normal. This does not mean, as the idea seems to be rooted in those who peddle it without having ever tried anything, that "we can not create fish farming". It's arch-false. So erroneous that the operation is eligible under the EFF, we will come back to this.
On the other hand, what is obvious: a file not very robust with 100% of probabilities to be retoque. In this case, it is not the administration that is responsible, it is the petitioner.
*semantics: use the precise terms and the right words ...
*a rigorous filing of the file under the Environmental Code (nomenclature law on water 3.2.7.0: Freshwater fish farming referred to in Article L.431-6 of the Environment Code)
This is a quick summary of how the project impacts the environment. In addition to the component parts, the file must contain an impact document. DDT must be able to ensure that the right of water complies with the requirements of Articles L.214-17 and L.214-18 of the EC (sediment transit, free movement of fish species), that the water that will be returned in the natural environment does not undergo warming, that it is not loaded in MES. It will be attentive to the corrective measures of impacts that the petitioner declares to implement. Nothing more normal ... and if these basic precepts were respected by intensive agriculture, industry and chemistry, the French rivers would not be in this state.
G) real estate component
For some professions, access to land is a sometimes prohibitive brake. This is not the case in fish farming.
The choice of the legal status of the purchaser is free: purchase in own name or in company. (depending on accounting, tax, asset options ...)
Signature of a sales agreement. The compromise can be signed in its own name. This gives the buyer time to eventually create a company. The repetition of the deed of sale, intervening ~ 3 months later, will be signed by the company which will be constituted and registered.
H) site management, development work, re-planning (excluding creation) without impact on the watercourse
CREDIT
It is out of the question to be outlawed, but it is not essential to do anything, especially by questioning all services badly before having his deed signed. (Same as (F) above.) Examples of gross clumsiness for initially simple files are not uncommon, and these slippages can seriously disrupt the administrative side of some files to the point of delaying the start of the project.
"The installations, works or activities carried out that may have an impact on the water or the aquatic environment must be the subject of a declaration or a request for authorization by the person water, according to the heading to which they belong ... ".
In other words, and we have often found it, it is extremely counterproductive for the candidate who has not studied the substance, to question all the services, even those who have nothing to do with the file. , the City Council, the Comcom river technician, the PNR or worse ask advice to ONEMA (which is not an extension agency) etc ...
Our opinion: if you can not identify "rubric to which the works belong ", it seems premature to embark on a declaration or application for authorization to DDT: it is necessary to rework the copy and to inquire properly
Outlook and challenges for project leaders
Apart from a few cases of "internal" resumption (an employee who would have the opportunity to take over a site, a fish farmer who would buy the one he coveted), those who set up themselves rarely have fish training. They do not question their ability to succeed.
The very few candidates for the installation from the fish farming courses ask first question "the figures, the balance sheet" to reassure themselves. But this approach leads more to worry them and then to dissuade them ... as if they felt leaded by the turnover of a fish farmer at the end of his career, no longer having big loads or big financial needs. As a result, many fish farms are becoming primary or secondary residences. Decommissioned sites in France outnumber the sites operated. How to change this paradoxical situation? Where should the strategic directions come from?
Applicants must consider the margin of progress that the site has and the potential for diversification. We must not ignore the strong demand from consumers ... that markets are struggling to meet other than by massive use of imports.