"SLC22/WK1: Advanced Electrical Transformers and the Power Factor."
Mainly there are two types of transformers which are useful for conversion of voltage in electrical power systems.
| Step up transformers |
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Step up transformer is used for facilitating long distance transmission so this is a type of transformer which increases low voltage to high voltage as you can also see it in image A that transformer is converting 220 voltage to 415 voltage so it is increasing low voltage to High voltage that's why this is Step up transformer.
| Step down transformers |
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Step down transformer is considered more suitable for use of consumer use and it bakeries from high voltage to low voltage that's why you can also see it in image b that this transformer is converting 415 voltage to 220 voltage so this is decreasing high voltage to low voltage that's why this is step down transformer.
| A:Conservator |
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Conservator is a part of transformer that store oil and contracts and expands in case of change in temperature for maintaining efficiency or performance of transformer.
| B:Temperature gauge |
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Temperature gauge is showing by its name that it will be suitable for monitoring temperature changes so that in case of any over heating it may show reaction and hence damage can't occur in case of proper temperature gauge.
| C:Buchholz relay |
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Buchholz relay is most important component of transformer that place its role in identifying any bugs in transformer like in case of any insulation failure, any leakage of oil alarms can trigger and circuit breaker can trip due to which safety can be ensured easily.
| D:Radiator |
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Radiator dissipate heat that is generated by transformer during load operation by using tubes so that by increasing surface area cooling efficiency may also increased which will be good for transformer performance.
| E:LT bushing |
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LT bushing is low tension bushing which main purpose is for insulating and connecting low voltage winding to output circuit so that safest transmission of power may make sure.
| F:HT bushing |
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HT bushing is high tension bushing which main purpose is for insulating and connecting high voltage to high voltage winding so that safest transmission occur.
| G:Breather |
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Breather is also an important component of transformer through which air can enter and exit in transformer tank which maintain pressure internally and prevent degradation of oil by preventing ingress of moisture.
Above transformer that I have shown is a step down transformer which distribute electricity safely from power houses to households and businesses. There are two coins in which first is primary coil connection which is connected with powerhouse and here is receiving around 11000 volts of electricity. This is high voltage which is important for safe and efficient transmission to long distance.
Another coil connection is secondary coil which is connected with home school colleges etc which is providing stable low voltage supply that is safe.
There is a proper step down process which this transformer is following in which there is stepping down of High voltage that are 11000 voltage to low voltage that are safer for household and these voltage are 220. There are magnetic core and coils working together for reduction of these voltage in whole process while on other hand increasing the current.
| Transformer Name | Energypac |
|---|---|
| Transformer Rating | 2500 KVA |
| Primary Voltage(HV) | 33000 KV |
| Secondary Voltage (LV) | 415V |
| Current(HV) | 43.74 Amp |
| Current(LV) | 3478.11 Amp |
Power factor is referred as ratio of actual power to power which is apparent in an electrical power system. This is basically measurement of effectiveness of current which is drawn from grid and then it is converted for useful working.
Power factor of 1 or 100% show that current is utilised in an effective way but in case power factor is less than one is an indication that current is not properly utilised and it is wasted to some extent.
| Power factor value in Pakistan |
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In Pakistan there are electrical supply companies requiring minimum power factor in between 0.8520.9 which is around 85% to 90% minimum for usage of industrial and commercial consumers so it means that consumers should give surety of their electrical system operating at minimum power supply of 0.85 and if it will not happen then there will be penalties for them.
| Current HT-10.5A & LT-278.2A | Current HT-43.74A & LT-3478.11A |
|---|---|
| HT voltage-33000V | HT voltage-11000V |
| 2500 KVA | 200 KVA |
| The name of the oil used in a transformer is pyranol |
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True ✅
| The core loss of the transformer is in the winding |
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False ❌
| The efficiency of the transformer is less than that of other electrical devices. |
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False ❌
| The transformer rating is in KW |
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False ❌
| The transformer's insulation test is done with a megger meter |
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True ✅
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