What is Android ONE? A Google Project

ANDROID ONE — launched by Google CEO Sundar Pichai — is a line of Android devices targeted at first-time smartphone users in emerging markets and, increasingly, in Europe and North America. Android One devices are stock Android phones, and Google designs, develops, and markets new devices, while OEMs handle all the manufacturing.

Android One is a new family of Android™ devices, designed in collaboration with several manufacturers. All Android One devices run the latest version of Android, get updates from Google, and come with a hardware package tuned for Android.

There is no difference, its just an old android os. --> the only things which make it different is Latest version update directly from Google instead of manufacturer.

ANDROID ONE WAS AMBITIOUS, AND IN ITS INITIAL DESIGN IT JUST DIDN'T TURN INTO SALES FOR MANUFACTURERS.

Android One was a program designed to bring Android to the "next billion" users who couldn't afford typical Android phones. The phones ran what we'd consider "clean" Android with very few customizations, and focused on speed and fluidity despite their low-end specs. It was an ambitious idea with lots of moving parts, and people who bought a cheap Android One phone undoubtedly got a better experience than they would with any other random phone of the same price.

For a variety of reasons, Android One never really seemed to take off as designed. The phones weren't very good looking, weren't clearly differentiated to consumers and definitely weren't marketed strongly. Some companies found success working with Google to release these inexpensive phones that performed better than the similarly priced competition, but others went back to doing things the way they did originally. "Android One" as a brand didn't really matter at these low-end price points so much as the price and some niche features did.

And so, Google repositioned the brand.

What Android One means today
Nokia 8 Sirocco

Fast forward to 2018, and Android One means something entirely different. Android One phones are no longer exclusively low-end or entry-level, and aren't exclusive to emerging markets anymore. Instead, Google is partnering with bigger brands for more expensive phones and selling them in new markets like Western Europe and North America. This new breed of Android One phones are made by companies like Xiaomi, Motorola and HTC, and are priced in the $250 to $400 range — hardly budget devices when compared to where Android One started.

ANDROID GO TAKES THE REINS FOR THE 'NEXT BILLION'

Google making the decision to move Android One from the super-entry-level devices up to mid-range and even flagship offerings didn't mean it was going to leave those next billion users out in the cold, though. At Google I/O 2017, a new initiative called "Android Go" was announced. Android Go isn't a replacement for the Android One program, but it aims to address the super-low-end smartphones originally targeted by One.

Android Go lets manufacturers go their own way, but users still get the benefits of Google software.

Android Go is simply a configuration of the operating system, going forward starting with Android 8.0 Oreo, that tweaks and optimizes the software for phones with very low specs — we're talking about 8GB of storage and 512MB of RAM here. Android "Go edition" gives manufacturers that target low-end specs a version of the operating system that can make these phones run smoothly and efficiently — and unlike Android One originally, there's no further partnership there. They can keep making phones how they want, and benefit from the streamlined version of the operating system.

Android Go uses less memory to run the operating system, and takes up less internal storage so there's more left over for the user. Critically, Google has also designed "Go" versions of its core apps that do the same — there's Google Search, Assistant, Gboard, Maps, Gmail and more. It's all designed not only to be lightweight and simple, but also tweaked for the types of situations where these phones will be used. Data-saving settings are turned on by default, things more aggressively pre-cache and download while the phone is on Wi-Fi, the operating system has peer-to-peer sharing without a network, and so on.

But just like Android One, Android Go has the simplicity and security of being offered and sanctioned by Google. You get the same basic security improvements that any phone running any version of Oreo would, even though your phone cost the equivalent of $85.

Android Go in many ways continues the original vision of Android One, and does so in a bit looser way that really targets the next billion users who will be coming online with a smartphone as their first taste of the internet. Not only is it a good solution for this problem, but it also lets Android One itself grow and expand to bring this idea of a clean Google software experience to even more people in more places.

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