BUTTERFLIES

Butterflies and moths (rama-rama) are insects belonging to the order Lepidoptera, or 'winged insects' scales (lepis, scales and pterons, wings).

Simply put, butterflies are distinguished from moths aka night butterflies based on their active time and physical characteristics. Butterflies are generally active during the day (diurnal), while moths are mostly active at night (nocturnal). The butterfly rests or rests with its wings up, the moth rests with its wings spread. Butterflies usually have a brilliantly beautiful color, moths tend to be dark, dull or gray. However, these differences are always exceptions, so it can not be scientifically fixed.

Butterflies and moths are very numerous, on the island of Java and Bali Island alone recorded more than 600 species of butterflies. The type of moth has so far not been made full list, but it is suspected there are hundreds of species. Butterfly became one of the few types of insects that are not harmful to humans.

Butterfly Process in Among Others There are 4 (Four)

LIFE CYCLE
Many believe that butterflies have a very short life span. In fact, adult butterflies can live for a week or nearly a year depending on the species. Most species go through a rather long larval rate, and some can become dormant when in pupa or egg levels in order to wade through the winter.

Butterflies can lay eggs once or many times each year. The number of descendants a year differs in climatic influences, whereby butterflies living in the tropics are able to spawn more once a year.

EGG
The butterfly eggs are protected by a hard-barked skin called khorion covered with an anti-wax coating that protects the egg from getting sunburned before the larvae are fully developed. Each egg has a smooth funnel pore at one end, a micropyle that aims to allow the entry of sperm to join the egg. Another species is the size of the egg, but all the butterfly eggs are spherical or ovoid.

Butterfly eggs are attached to leaves with a special adhesive material that quickly hardened. When hardened, the material contracts and bends the egg shape. This adhesive is easily seen forming a meniscus material that surrounds the tread of each egg. This adhesive is also produced by pupa to bind the cremaster. This adhesive is so hard that the silk plates that attach to the seta can not be separated.

Butterfly eggs are always placed on plants. Each species of butterfly has its own range of home plants, both of which only one species or species. Egg rates are passed for several weeks for most butterflies, but the eggs that come out shortly before winter, especially in temperate regions, have to go through the diapaus level (rest) and only hatch in spring. There are other butterfly species that can lay eggs in spring for eggs to hatch in summer.

CATERPILLAR
The butterfly larvae, the caterpillar, feed on plant leaves and spend all of its time as beluncas for food. Most beluncas are maun, but there are some species like Spalgis epius and Liphyra brassolis that feed on insects.

Some larvae, especially those belonging to Lycaenidae, form a mutually beneficial relationship with ants. Beluncas is associated with ants by using vibrations emitted through the substrate in addition to chemically merging the chemical signals. Ants protect some of these larvae a bit; in return, larvae help the ants collect seepage of honey.

Beluncas enlarges through a so-called level of instar. Towards the end of each instar, the larvae undergo a process called apolisis, in which the epidermis, the hard outer layer made of a mixture of chitin and specific proteins, is removed from the soft epidermis underneath, the epidermis forms the new epidermis below. At the end of each instar, the larvae give birth to the old skin, the new skin develops and then solidifies and produces pigment rapidly. The process of copying this skin can take days. The shape of the butterfly begins to develop on the beluncas body before the last instar.

The butterfly caterpillar has three pairs of fixed legs on the thoracic segment and no more than six pairs of proxies growing on the abdominal segment. In this prokaki there is a subtle hijacking of krusye that helps beluncas hold the substrate.

Some caterpillars can inflate a few heads so that it resembles a snake as a defensive measure. There are also equipped with fake eyes to be more efficient. Some beluncas have special structures with osmeterium titled to permeate the rotten chemicals in defense purposes as well.

Household plants often contain toxic ingredients in them that can be separated by beluncas to be stored until adulthood to avoid birds eaten and similar predators. This inadequacy is expressed in red, orange, black or white warning colors, in a habit known as aposematism. Toxic ingredients in plants are often developed specifically to protect plants from being eaten by insects. However, insects successfully developed a step back or exploit these toxins for independence himself. This "arms race" has sparked evolution with fellow insects and home plants.

HABIT AND FOOD
Many people love beautiful butterflies, but on the contrary are rarely people who do not feel disgusted with caterpillars, but both are the same creatures. All kinds of butterflies and moths go through the stages of life as eggs, caterpillars, pupae, and ultimately morphed into butterflies or moths.

Butterflies generally live by sucking honey flowers (nectar / flower buds). But some of them like fluids sucked from fruits that fall on the ground and rot, carrion, bird droppings, and wet soil.

In contrast to butterflies, caterpillars live mainly by eating the leaves. These caterpillars are very greedy, but generally each type of caterpillar specializes in the leaves of certain plant species. So that the presence of a butterfly species in a place, also determined by the availability of plants that become the host of the caterpillar.

BUTERFLIES AND HUMAN
Butterflies and moths are known as plant pollinating insects, which help the flowers develop into fruits. So for farmers, and people in general, these butterflies are very useful to help the way pollination of plants.

On the other hand, the types of caterpillars are known as greedy pests. Not only the seasonal crops that are predated, but also fruit trees and trees in general can be exfoliated leaves by pest caterpillars in a relatively short time. Many types of caterpillar pests, especially from the types of moths that become serious agricultural pests.

To take advantage of the beauty of some types, now people develop butterfly farms.