Beliefs and Religions # 2 - [Compilation]

The purpose of this post is to offer a global knowledge of all the beliefs and religions that exist in the world, in order that the reader has an open view, not dangerously closed to a single idea, belief or religion.

I believe that the different religions and beliefs should be known and studied minimally; they must expose themselves, comment, share their evidence, discuss their reasons, not stir up their dogmatisms and claim divine support to impose them on others.

We have the dual duty of transmitting and teaching all our fellow citizens the existence of all the beliefs and religions that have developed in our civilization. Only that knowledge will make us more sensitive and respectful of others. Because a unique and absolute belief, without a vision of other beliefs, only produces arrogant and derogatory beings towards other ideas.

This is the Second of a post series where I will compile in a brief and simple way the different beliefs and religions that exist in the world.

Puritanism

Puritanism arose in England in about 1560 from the hand of the English Presbyterian theologian Thomas Cartwright, who sought a purification of the Christian religion more radical than that carried out by Anglicans. Puritanism is a derivation of Calvinism in English soil.

The Puritans had an idea of ​​equality of all men before God that leads the church to democratization of its hierarchies. Its influence is felt in Parliament, where it is claimed that God also manifests his will, which weakens state power. They wanted an episcopal and also the King's independence. Finally, the Puritans consolidate the idea of ​​tolerance and freedom of conscience.

Ramadan

The ninth month of the Muslim lunar year in which the annual fast is observed, and one of the five main commandments of the law of Islam. During this month the Muslims refrain from drinking and eating between sunrise and sunset. Apart from the exercise of will and self-control required by this fast, the spirit of the people who are united to carry out the same rhythm of life and respect this basic pillar of their religion is also reinforced.

Rastafari

Rastafarianism is a religious movement that appeared in the Caribbean in the first half of the 20th century and advocates a return to Africa to solve racial problems. His followers consider Haile Selassie (Rastafarian) - Emperor of Ethiopia in 1930 - as the Messiah, and Ethiopia his promised land. The Rastafári do not consume pork, milk, coffee and consider marijuana a sacrament.

Wheel of Buddhist law

Buddha in his first sermon set in motion the wheel of dharma, his teaching recommended the middle path between the extremes of lust and asceticism, highlighting the four noble truths. In primitive Buddhism the wheel was a symbol of Buddha's teaching, he himself makes a gesture with his hands that represents the wheel and symbolizes the teaching of the four noble truths and the eightfold path.

Secularism

An ideology that defends the authority of secular society to regulate social life and opposes religious interference. In some countries like India, it is not the absence of religion, but the determination that no religion is preferential or above all others, and all enjoy the same rights and respect on the part of the State.

Sephardic

The Sephardim are the descendants of the Jews who lived in Spain and Portugal before 1492, and who were expelled for not accepting Christianity. At present the Sephardim are found in some Arab countries, London, Paris, South Africa, South America, Israel, and the United States.

Taboo

Polynesian term to refer to the prohibition related to the sacred. It came to the west through Captain Cook who heard it in 1777. The word taboo extends to things that can not be touched, and acts that are forbidden to perform, sometimes related to food (prohibition of cooking for women) and sexual relations The term taboo extends to the ritual, especially among the chiefs, from whom it is forbidden to touch the head, and they themselves were forbidden from touching the food and had to be assisted at the dinner by young virgins.

Tarot

It was Eliphas Lévi who gave the tarot cards a Kabbalistic interpretation, derived from the Jewish Kabbalah, creating in them a certain religious connotation as a method of divination.

The tarot cards appeared around 1440 in Italy, being Gebelin who in 1781, gave them a hermetic interpretation, based on the major arcana, figures with deeply symbolic features. Christianity rejects its use and practice, but there are many people who resort in the West to "tarot shooters" to know their future.

Valkyrie

With this term are known the maidens of Odin (also called electors of the dead), which appear in Norse and Germanic mythology. The Valkyries were in charge of collecting the dead warriors on the battlefields to take them to Valhalla.

See you in the next post. Thank you for reading.

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