Fork (split) in plain language

haji (56)in #blockchain • 7 years ago

(Translated from the video file of Andrés Antonello Pologus called Forkology)

What we are going to talk about today is a particular form of technology, and it's nothing but talking about BlockChin or the chain of blocks with open source code like Bitcoin, Ethereum, Lightweight, and dozens of other things that are simply accessible to everyone. And no one can claim full control over it, it is emphasized by no one, but only on the basis of simple mathematical rules that anyone can follow.

Talking from blockchain is bored?
Obviously, understanding this technology is not easy for many. It will be funny as someone tells you to discover Blockacin. The other thing to say is that the name Bitcoin is blocked by the word Blockacin and can not be ignored. I was attending a conference and the speaker spoke about Blockacin for 45 minutes without even mentioning Bitcoin! You may have friends who have worked in this area for the past two years and can only talk about these issues to the extent that they are distressed by their entourage. I'm one of those people who was dying to talk to my friends until finally the bitcoin price went up and the topic was appealing to them.

Bombing words
If you have not already been familiar with these topics and you've just begun to read about these concepts, you will be bombing the words in this area: extraction, blocking, public address, private address ... all of which are new to you and initially so It's confusing you will say, "Oh, what are these other nonsense."
The story is getting worse. You will receive and install a digital wallet. Be aware of the start of a battle in Bitcoin that threatens you to fork. First, you do not know what the forks mean, they mean the same fork. You say to yourself, is this a joke again?
One says Soft Fork and another says Hard Forge. You, who have worked hard with the fork (fork!) In your whole life, say with yourself, is the soft fork, the kind of fork! It is soft !? (Laughter) And you're even more confused. I want to help you understand the subject.

Fork
A fork is in fact a sort of transformation in Blockacin, which leads to a divergence in the BlockChain chain, so that a network segment will then look differently from the other part and the chain history, and in fact this means fork or split. This is happening two to three times a week. The main reason for this is the delay in the release of a block across the network. Imagine doing a magic mathematical calculus at the point of the grid and finding the answer. He says I found the answer! Put it in a new block and send it to the network. On the other hand, another person's network, with a few seconds, finds the answer and repeats the same and sends a new block to the network. Now, if we assume that half of the block is first, first of all, first and second block first The second person has received, what will happen?

Dispute Resolution
What is the reference to resolving the dispute and determining which block is valid? Here we have no single point of reference. Here is a decentralized system that everyone, each node, on their own network uses the information and program code that it decides. What does that mean?
Both blocks produced from both angles are valid because they are made from the bottom of the chain (Block of Peaks), which is itself valid. So far, it's just. But!
There is another important factor in this network and it's time. Resolving this problem should not take more than 10 minutes. Opened more complex! So, for each side of the network that received the block, that is, the blocks that were the subject of discussion, each side begins to extract the next block, that is, solve the math problem and find the answer and place the new block to the end of the chain. In this case, one of the chains is taller and within the same 10 minutes another block will be found. Now if someone in the network wants to add a new block to the end of the chain, it understands that the block has a different parent and the address The last block (chain tip) is different. As a result, it detects an invalid block and throws it away.
This situation is repeated so much in 10 minutes as long as 95% of the block that is at hand is valid for its overhead address and eventually it is accepted. This is what happens every 2 or 3 times a week.

Consensus
So what has been said so far has been a natural forgerie that occurred due to a delay in the release of the block in the network and the consensus or agreement of the nodes resolved the problem and the chain continues. But there are other forms of fork. For example, one part of the network decides to change the law, and with the change of law, there will be no compatibility for the other part of the network. If 51% decide to do so, that is, 51% of the extractors and those with computational power (to solve the math problem) are referred to as 51% of the attack, since they can change the rules (program code) without taking into account the remaining 49% To give.

Hardback and Soft Furk
Let's see what Hard Furk and Soft Fur are all about. These change in terms of rules (program code): harder and looser. If they become weaker, the rules that have been invalid so far are now validated, which is called hard drive. But if the rules are tightened, that is, the rules that were valid so far are no longer valid, it is called Softforck.
In fact, hard drive is an enforceable upgrade, which, if not done, will be removed from the chain. In Softfox, something previously validated is now invalid, unless it adapts itself to new features. Anyway, anyone can continue to follow the rules, because new features are still valid with old laws.
But both of these changes to the rules require the consensus on the network to be implemented. If this is still not clear for you, here's how to look at this example.

Blockachin's likeness to decentralized chain restaurants Vegetation
Imagine blockadins as a collection of decentralized vegetarian restaurants. Behind the scenes, the restaurant is busy cooking and preparing vegetarian menus using appliances and energy, and the food they prepare are the same blocks that they want to deliver to the customer, which is called blast-extractor. .
Now suppose these chefs decide to add meat to the menus. Adding meat means loosening the rules, which means hard drive. So those who followed the rules followed it suddenly that meat was not a rule, so they say that this restaurant is not valid (it's not a valid block) and you have to go to another restaurant. So the restaurant has a hard drive and those who want to continue to use the restaurant should upgrade their diet (software code) to adapt to the new menu.

Now we look at another angle. Suppose that the restaurant removes from the vegetarian menu, instead of adding meat, the animal substitutes (milk, cheese, butter, egg, etc.) and turns into a vegan menu (a vegan is a diet in which none Of animal products such as meat, butter, milk, cheese, eggs, etc., then someone who has already been vegetarian can still use the vegan menu (continuing the chain with previous rules) and it will not be a problem. That is, you do not have to eat and eat to eat there, you can still stay vegetarian. So the rules are tightened up here, in other words, a soft file has occurred.

Let's look at 5 groups:

Extractors, who prepare behind the scenes menus (blocs).
Vendors that purchase a significant amount of services, such as ketters.
Exchange dealers who are responsible for delivering (delivering food) to the customer.
The exchange brokers.
And developers who write the program code (menus).

The question is who is responsible for the main thing? Are the developers responsible for the core? Naturally, this is not the case, because no one has to order their menu and follow the rules. So, in fact, all these five groups should work closely together so that the system can work. Well, that if the number of mining they change the menu and they changed the game may be the lack of user acceptance face and validation of their menu (block) stop and so if the developers to write something that someone will not enforce and Do not pay attention to it, then it will not happen. Let's see how the fork is activated.

Fork activation
There are four fork categories: hard drive or soft hard drive activated by extractors and Hard Disk Drive and Soft Forks enabled by users. However, these four categories seem simple, but in practice they have a lot of complexities.
A BP148-enabled soft-format application that will be active on August 1, 2017. BIP stands for Bitcoin Implementation Proposal is a Bitcoin development proposal by the user. BIP148 has been provided for more than a year, and with its activation on August 1, all supporters of it will then have another block that does not signal Sogut (that is, its text code has not been upgraded to this proposal). They will not approve and will not accept. What has happened is that users have supported the proposal, but the extractors do not want it, and the debate that has arisen is that users are telling the extractors that if you do not support BIP148, we will not accept your block.
So, apparently, users say in this situation that we are responsible (the last word), which is not the case, of course. When this is true, the rest will agree. Therefore, in order for this system to continue to work, there should be a majority of consensus for each change, and that is what we call it continuity. In fact, the basis of BlockChin design and decentralized systems is the same, and it's a power that lies in the system so that someone or group can not compromise it. The same feature has made the system stand up against the monotone in the last 8 years and continue its path.

Be careful
You should know as a user if one of these attempts leads to a fork or branch in the chain, which will be without return, in terms of your capital theory, there will be two branches of branching, that is, you will have a Bitcoin inventory before the fork You have seen that after splitting, this bitcoin will exist in both branches of the chain (theoretically).
It is wise to send a bitcoin to someone for a while, and not get to someone because there is instability and uncertainty and maybe a branch of the chain will be eradicated forever.
In the example of the restaurant, imagine that the cooks will be duped and the gonists do not eat vegetarian food, but on the contrary vegetarians can still eat vegan food, that is, they can use both sides of the kitchen. So this is the softfoot nature that allows you to continue moving in just one branch. That is, you can see that there is no restaurant in the restaurant (vegan), neither the kitchen nor the food, nor the client, and there is no one, and this is called purge or fading.

Therefore, there is a risk that if you send a transaction in an invalid directory or if you spend your bitcoin on both spheres called Double Spending, then your capital may be at risk. That is, in both branches of the transaction is invalid and your bitcoin is lost.
So wait.
Wait about two weeks to eliminate the war between the two branches and the unstable. This is the same situation for classical ethereum and ethereum. You must be a little conservative.