Hi ! I just share this nice survey written by Mauro Conti, Sandepp Kumar E, Chhagan Lal and Sushmita Ruj.
The survey is quiet recent (25th December 2017) which is important for this subject.
I like how the survey is structured, it contains short tables that allows to navigate quickly in the topics you are interested into. I performed a few screenshots of those tables that enable to describe very quickly the structure of the survey in more details than a long post.

The survey is decomposed as follows :

• an overview of Bitcoin: transaction, proof-of-work, blockchain, consensus, p2p network
• attacks on Bitcoin systems which are detailed:
  • double spending : finney, one-confirmation, goldfinger, block discarding, selfish mining, block withholding, fork after withholding.
  • mining pool and client side
• Countermeasures: double spending, pool attacks, securing bitcoin wallets, securing network
• Privacy: techniques for deanonymization, coinjoin, mixjoin, zero-knowledge proofs

I want to dig further on CoinJoin style transactions, I think one of the real challenge is to perform this without any trusted third party while ensuring robustness, reasonable complexity and strong enough privacy. Forthcoming Bitcoin Cash is supposed to have such feature, I want to see and dig into the details.
ZeroKnowledge proofs are appealing I have more to know about the technical side, my main concerns are about the verifier (mathematical proof, its implementation) and its interaction with the consensus protocol. Maybe we will see something like this on Ethereum.

Sources:

• https://arxiv.org/abs/1706.00916