"If anyone, then knows the good they ought to do and doesn't do it, it is sin for them". Exegesis and meaning of the bible verse

James in his letter exposes the opposition between the flesh and the spirit: "don't you know that friendship with the world means enmity with God? Therefore, anyone who chooses to be a friend of the world becomes an enemy of God" James 4:4
After this teaching explains the difference between good and evil:
"If anyone, then, knows the good they ought to do and doesn't do it, it is sin for them", James 4:17. James explain to us that evil is an omission of the good.

Jesus, in his parables explain to us that the good is a nature, most of the parables are progressive, like the parable of the leaven (Matthew 13:33). The good explains the transformation of the beings, the nature of the worm is the butterfly. Every being tends towards his own good or perfection. The fruit is good when it is mature, for example.
Instead evil is a form of deprivation. We say bad a man deprived of virtue, explain Thomas Aquinas. Every being as a being is good, evil takes something from good.
Aristotle in metaphysics explains that evil is not a nature, evil is a deprivation of the good affected by falsehood. A bad person is like a truncated tree, he is a person who, for some reason, could not complete his development.
The Bible explains to us that the good is righteousness of judgment and righteousness of action.
The correct judgment is the gift of counsel: listen (perceive with attention), meditate with intuition and inspiration, decide with discernment.
Practical cases are:
The case of the denarii: "Teacher we know that you speak and teach what is right, and that you do not show partiality but teach the way of God in accordance with the truth. Is it right for us to pay taxes to Caesar or not?
He saw through their duplicity and said to them. Show me a denarious. Whose image and inscription are on it?
Caesar's they replied.
He said to them: "Then give back to Caesar what is Caesar's, and to God what is God's", Luke 20:21-25
The case of the prostitute:
"Teacher, this woman was caught in the acti of adultery. In the Law Moses commanded us to stone such women. Now what do you say? They were using this question as a trap, in order to have a basis for accusing him.
But Jesus bent down and started to write on the ground with his finger. When they kept on questioning him, he straightened up and said to them: "Let any one of you who is without sin be the first to throw a stone at her", John 8:4-7.
By correct action is understood the golden rule: "Do unto others as you would have them do unto you", Matthew 7:12. A practical case of the golden rule is the parable of the good samaritan, Luke 10:25-37.
James in his epistle exhorts us to seek good and avoid evil, always trusting in the divine providence: "My brothers and sisters, if one of you should wander from the truth and someone should bring that person back, remember this: Whoever turns a sinner from the error of their way will save them from death and cover over a multitude of sins", James 5:19-20.
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