Here are my notes, plus many articles and videos giving rankings of rechargeable batteries (aka cells), chargers, and disposable batteries. I have no time to crunch all the data, so if someone would like to help and has the time to crunch the data from the info that is presented here, please let me know. If you like a video, please like it on YouTube!

Although this article is specific to AA/AAA Alkaline & Lithium disposable cells and NiMh & NiCd rechargeables, the charger section does include chargers that can handle other types and chemistries of batteries (but primarily Lithium), along with 9V, AAAA, C, D, SC.

General Battery-Buying Tips

1. If you need batteries that can be used continuously (high capacity) for a long time, but you don't need to use them often, choose the Energizer Lithium or AmazonBasics High-Capacity 2400 mAh.
2. If you rarely buy batteries and don't need them to last very long (like for kids toys), or you're on a budget, buy AmazonBasics. Alternatively, buy any dollar store brand, especially SunBeam. They cost very little but they'll run out of energy a lot faster than the AmazonBasics, and far more quickly than the famous brands.
3. If you don't buy many and want quality, try the Energizer Max, Rayovac Fusion or Duracell Quantum for high-power devices, or the Duracell Quantum, Energizer Max or Duracell Coppertop if it's a low-power device. None of these will last particularly long in a camera flash or similar, however.
4. If you buy batteries regularly, you really should go with rechargeables instead of disposables, such as from Energizer, Duracell, Eneloop, AmazonBasics, Powerex (Imedion), SunLabz or IKEA (Ladda). Keep in mind that the mAh rating helps you to both understand how LONG the battery will go before needing to be recharged, and whether it's better for a high-power (AA :2000-2800 mAh, AAA: 800-1000 mAh) or low-power (AA: 750-<2000 mAh, AAA: 500-<800 mAh) device. When in doubt or confused (which is understandable! I didn't know there was a difference in results based on power need!), consult an expert.

There are a lot of other brands out there, but either they haven't been tested, don't do well, or I haven't found info on them, like Kirkland and even Fujitsu!

Vaping, Weapons Cells Note

If you're looking for 3.7V vaping/weapons lights batteries, you might want to try Efest and other 18650 batteries. I didn't research this.

High vs Low Power

If a battery says "high-capacity" that means it'll last longer for high-power devices (camera flashes, drones, etc.) but it may not perform as well in low-power devices (toys, regular flashlights). Disposable batteries generally don't perform well for high-power devices.

Long Shelf Time/Charge Retention

If a battery says "LSD" or "low self-discharge", it will hold it's charge for a relatively long time.

mAh? Capacity? Cell? Cycle? HUH???

mAh = milliAmp Hours, a measure of charge (or current flow over time). In other words, how many milliAmps per hour - the capacity of the cell. Think of it like how much water you can fit into a container. Amps, BTW, are what can actually kill you - not volts; a current of 0.1 (100 mA) to 0.2 (200 mA) Amperes minimum can kill you.

A cycle is one use (discharging the electricity to a low point) and recharge or, conversely, one recharge and discharge. The same term is used for light bulbs and means being turned on and off 1 time.

Batteries are technically called "cells" unless they have multiple cells in them, like a car battery.

Research Note

Most articles list any research sources. Most of the videos contain tests, without citing outside research, but some of the videos do not show tests or data, and only give subjective recommendations. The testers didn't use identical criteria and testing methods, so you should take a look for yourself to see if there's bias/errors, and to make sure it matches what's important to you (a pro photographer will make a vastly different choice than someone who buys 1 battery a year. Keep in mind what you'll use the cells for, how often you buy new ones, etc.

RECHARGEABLE CELLS

These articles give you their picks for AA/AA rechargeable batteries. In parenthesis, I indicate if they provide graphs or other forms of data backing up their research, provide extra info about each battery, and whether they explicitly list all batteries tested. Also, because some rank with a bias towards price, you may not get what you want if you go with the top pick. Some of the articles give a lot of general info about rechargeable cells.

Notes on rechargeable batteries:

• Look for "LSD" or "low self-discharge", “pre-charged”, “hybrid”, or “ready to use”, as these will hold the power a LOT longer than those old rechargeables I used to use decades ago that discharged in a matter of days if not used.
• Of the types of rechargeables, NiMH is the best choice for most purposes, but there are also NiCd, Li-ion, NiZn, which may suit certain users/devices best.
• Low cost brands like AmazonBasics & Tenergy are not likely to last as long as the expensive brands.
• AmazonBasics and Ladda are similar to Eneloop, but they're not identical to Eneloop in terms of performance and longevity. They may be previous generations' versions, factory seconds, or a different line that Panasonic's Sanyo/Fujitsu plant makes.
• When choosing, consider what it's for. If it requires a blast of power (like a camera flash), get one with a larger mAh rating (high-capacity batteries). If it takes a little bit of power (like a standard flashlight), one with a lower rating is going to be okay.
• Don’t charge batteries that feel hot to the touch. Allow them to cool completely before attempting to recharge them.
• Don't fully discharge them, as this may damage them and thus reduce their lifespan.
• Don't leave them sitting around for long periods of time without using them, as the chemicals inside may start crystallizing, which will reduce capacity. Periodic use will minimize this risk.

Always pay attention to the mAh rating as it'll determine how long the battery will last before needing to be discharged, and how many charges it'll take before dying. A low mAh is good for low-power devices, but you must get ones with a high mAh for high-powered devices (camera flashes, drones, etc.). Cheaper brands generally get 500 charges, but some of the high-capacity ones do, too, while other brands claim maximums of 1000-2100 charges.

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Which Rechargeable Battery is the Best? Let's find out! (Updated January 2019) - Project Farm
(data, no details, list)

1st & 2nd Tests: 500mA Charge & Discharge Test

Average %mAh Capacity, 500 mA (2 batteries)

300 mA Charge & Discharge Test

%mAh Capacity, 300 mA (2 batteries)

Weight (grams)

Price/Battery

Average Actual (NOT Rated) mAh per Penny

1000 mA Charge & Discharge Capacity Test

Best Rechargeable Batteries (Updated January 2019) - Best Reviews
(no data, details, list)

• Best: Eneloop
• Best based on cost: AmazonBasics

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The Best Rechargeable AA Batteries of 2019 (UPDATED JANUARY 02, 2019) - Reviewed (part of USA Today)
(no data, details, list)
Ranked:

1. Panasonic Eneloop Pro
2. AmazonBasics High Capacity
3. Duracell Rechargeable
4. AmazonBasics Rechargeable Batteries
5. Energizer Recharge Universal
6. Panasonic Eneloop
7. EBL Rechargeable Batteries
8. RayHom Rechargeable Batteries

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The Best Rechargeable AA and AAA Batteries (UPDATED SEPTEMBER 18, 2018) - WireCutter
(data, details, list)
Energizer Recharge Universal AA/AAA or Panasonic Eneloop AA/AAA (when on sale), or AmazonBasics when you're on a budget.

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The best rechargeable batteries you can buy (Jul. 31, 2018) - Business Insider
(no data, no details, no list)

• Best overall: AmazonBasics Rechargeable Batteries (because they're cheap and can be charged up to 1,000 times)
• Best for frequent use: Panasonic Eneloop 2100 Cycle Ni-MH Rechargeable Batteries
• Best eco-friendly: Energizer Rechargeable Batteries
• Best high-capacity: AmazonBasics High-Capacity Rechargeable Batteries
• Best affordable: Tenergy Rechargeable NIMH Batteries (but they are not good)

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Rechargeable Batteries The Dirty Little Secret (May 15, 2018) - Wranglerstar
(no data, no details, list)

Video on Rechargeable Batteries, Eneloop VS AmazonBasics, Charger Recommendation, Battery Storage. This guy is really long-winded and spends at least 5 minutes talking about organizing and minimizing your household, but he DOES use his batteries professionally. If you're not interested in the organizing stuff, skip the first 3+ minutes and the last 5 or so. He talks about using plastic ammo cases to store AA and AAA, then about batteries and rechargeable batteries, and he recommends Eneloop Pro if you really need a long-life battery, or the regular Eneloop (white) if you don't, but he believes that AmazonBasics are made by Sanyo (Eneloop), so he recommends the white ones because he thinks they last longer than the black ones. He also mentions his favorite charger, Panasonic BQ-CC17. The link below takes you to the part about the charger. He does mention some other batteries he uses for specific purposes, like the Sierra 123 and the 18650s for weapons lights and flashlights earlier in the video. He's also grumpy if you try to give him advice about his video. 🤕 He also promotes products he sells in this video.

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Are IKEA LADDA Batteries Really Eneloop Pro? (Sep 25, 2017) - Matthew Eargle - AirborneSurfer
(data, details, list)

This guy does an interesting bit on Eneloops vs. IKEA Ladda 2450mAh batteries, using a tester he built himself. It looks like maybe the Ladda IS made by Panasonic/Sanyo/Fujitsu (confused? watch and learn). Skip to 5:20 to get to the important part.

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Best Rechargeable Batteries (July 17, 2017) - Consumer Research
(Go here for access to reports on Alkaline, Lithium, Rechargeables and high-capacity Rechargeables.)
(no data, details, no list)

• Best alkaline (disposable) batteries: AmazonBasics Performance
• Best lithium (disposable) batteries: Energizer Ultimate Lithium
• Best rechargeable batteries: Energizer Recharge Universal
• High-capacity rechargeable batteries: Panasonic Eneloop Pro

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BEST BATTERIES FOR YOUR SPEEDLIGHTS: A SHOWDOWN (after March 2017) - Improve Photography
(specifically for flashes/high-capacity)
(data, details, list)

1. Duracell Rechargeable 2500 mAh
2. Eneloop Pro 2550 mAh
3. Amazon Basic High Capacity 2400mAh
4. Panasonic Eneloop – NEW Edition 1900mAh
5. Amazon Basics 1900mAh
   He included the Duracell Quantum in the test, but they are not rechargeable and didn't perform well.

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NiMH Battery Roundup - Eneloop, EBL, Sunlabz, Amazon, and Other AA Cells Tested (Sep 22, 2016) - S.co.tt
(data, details, list)

More details from his testing
This guy gives you the info you need right up front about which rechargeable AAs to use: EBL, AmazonBasics High Capacity(2400mAh), SunLabz and, actually, he also recommends Eneloop (both kinds). He didn't test PowerEx (Imedion), but he did a discharge test like Project Farm's. The results are shown first, with green text being top in each category and red being worst. After the results, he then goes into details and disclaimers, as well as a bit of a rant.

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Best Rechargeable AA NiMH Batteries For Your Flash (Don’t Buy Eneloops…) (OCTOBER 7, 2014) - Light & Matter
(data, no details, list)

(prices updated daily from Amazon, but not an exhaustive list)

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Consumer Reports has done battery comparisons, but you have to pay to access it.

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CHARGERS

Chargers come in a wide variety: fast charge (not good), multiple battery types (i.e.: AA/AAA/9V), power source (mains, 12V, USB), configurability (different charging speeds), analyzer, display(s), discharge tester, individual (good) vs group cell (bad) charging, number of slots, what chemistries they charge (e.g. NiMh, Alkaline, NiCad, Zinc, Li-Ion, battery packs), etc. You'll need to consider how many batteries you'll need to charge simultaneously (number of slots), whether you need to be able to charge on the go (USB/12V), whether you'll need to charge more than one type of battery (AA, AAA, C, D, 9V), and whether you're techie enough that you want to be able to analyze and test your cells. Keep in mind that some chargers have the ability to recondition batteries. I did not look at chargers that handle less than 4 batteries at a time, as I feel that if you need rechargeable batteries, most people will need more than a couple...but some of the articles did, especially the list on lygte-info.dk, which for AA/AAA recommended the XTAR Sv2 Rocket, and Panasonic BQ-CC14. If you're charging Li-Ion batteries, there are many other options listed on the lygte site - just sort either by slots, chemistry or rating.

Battery University offers a lot of info about batteries and charging.
To learn more about charging batteries:
NiCd charging
NiMH charging
Li-Ion chargin

I looked through these articles and created a spreadsheet to try and help me figure out which chargers were the best. Here are the chargers I believe are the best choices. I didn't pay attention to things like powerbank functionality, unless reviews indicated the powerbank worked poorly, or the presence of trickle charging. I didn't differentiate between those that could only do NiMH and those that could also do NiCd.

• Chargers with less than 4 slots weren't considered.
• Chargers that couldn’t offer the same charging current (CC) across all slots, except at >1000 mAh, were excluded.
• Overheating protection, when available, takes one of two forms: pausing or using a fan. Some documentation was unclear about how they dissipate the heat, so some may actually just use vents and heat sinks.
• Refresh: charge, drain & charge, which is used to test capacity (amps), and it also helps restore “lost” capacity due to repeated partial discharge-charge cycles (use and charging) and crystallization due to disuse.
  -Conditioning/Break-in: This is like refresh, but it is done with multiple refreshes (3 or more) to restore max capacity (amps), and/or initialize/break in the battery. It usually takes over 12 hours, or even a few days. It can also "initialize" a new battery.
• Trickle-charging NiMH and Li-Ion is bad for it. A fairly high CC, compared to the total capacity, is recommended.
• The best charging termination method uses a combination of :- △V or -dv/dt, voltage plateau, delta temperature (dT/dt), temperature threshold and time-out timers in the full-charge detection algorithm.
• I excluded the SkyRC chargers MC-3000 and NC-2500. The former's power supply died while one reviewer tested it.

Basic Chargers

These chargers only charge, and have limited protective functions. If you get one of these, you should also get an advanced charger that can, at the very least, do a simple refresh/test to negate temporary loss of capacity due to partial charging and crystal formation that happens due to long periods of disuse.

AA/AAA

Panasonic Advanced Charger BQ-CC17, 1-4 cells, and - based on some reviews - I think it charges individually and is smart, but Panasonic doesn't make that clear.

The BQ-CC63 has smart charging for up to 8 AA/AAA, and the BQ-CC65 has smart, individual charging for up to 4 AA/AAA, has an LCD display, smart, individual charging, discharging mode, and USB charging of mobile devices.

Notes on chargers:

• ALWAYS buy a charger that charges cells individually and can do multiple types of batteries (AA/AAA at least). If it has one LED for 2 slots, for example, that almost always means that the charger doesn't charge individually. As a result, one battery will not get fully charged, so avoid chargers that require that you put in batteries in pairs. There are exceptions to this rule, such as the Ikea Ladda YH-990BF, which has 1 LED for 4 slots, but charges individually.
• Although simple chargers are very popular, they are not the best choice
• Look for terms like "independent charge channels," "polarity protection," "error/bad battery detection" "temperature/heat detection" and "negative Delta-V Detection" as signs of better quality.
• The negative delta V (- △V or -dv/dt) cut-off function can give multiple protection including overcharge protection, short circuit protection and non-rechargeable and/or bad cell detection. This is better than voltage termination
• Always get a SMART charger that will shut off the charging. Dumb chargers will continue charging until turned off, which can cause damage to your batteries.
• Choose a charger that is not fast. If you can choose the recharge speed, choose a lower rate, but be careful to match it with the recommended minimum for the battery's capacity.
• If you get a fast charger, your batteries may overheat, especially if there is no temperature protection, and this may cause damage that can, at least, reduce the lifespan.

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The Best Rechargeable AA Batteries of 2019 (UPDATED JANUARY 02, 2019) - Reviewed
(no data, no details, no list)
Scroll down 3/4 to "What you should know when buying batteries": BC700-CBP Alpha Power Battery Charger from La Crosse

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10 Best RC Battery Chargers (December 2018) - 3D Insider

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(no data, details, list) As with some of the other articles, this one gives some good advice on choosing chargers and, along with some of the other articles, this compares some devices that support 1 or 2 cells only. Best Budget: Panasonic BQ-CC55SBA Best Value: HTRC HT1000 AC/DC (single cell charger) Best: HOBBYMATE D6 Duo Pro (dual cell & wireless charger)

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The best rechargeable batteries you can buy (Jul. 31, 2018) - Business Insider:
(no data, no details, no list)

• Best battery charger overall: Nitecore D4 Charger
• Best 8-cell battery charger: Powerex 8-Cell Smart Charger
• Best battery charger for vaping: XTAR VC4 Charger
• Best charger for AA and AAA batteries: Panasonic BQ-CC17
• Best affordable battery charger: AmazonBasics Ni-MH AA & AAA Battery Charger V-3299USB (not smart, individual cell charger, therefore not a good pick)

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The Best Rechargeable AA and AAA Batteries (UPDATED SEPTEMBER 18, 2018) - WireCutter
(no data, details, list)
Best charger: Panasonic Advanced Individual NiMH Battery Charger BQ-CC17.
Best 4-cell charger with extra features: Lacrosse BC-700 (but twice the price)
Best 8-cell charger with extra features: the Powerex MH-C800S.
Best Tinker/Engineer charger: Powerex/Maha Energy MH-C9000 WizardOne Charger-Analyzer.

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BEST BATTERIES FOR YOUR SPEEDLIGHTS: A SHOWDOWN (after March 2017) - Improve Photography
(no data, no details, no list)
Scroll down to 1/2 "THE MOST IMPORTANT THING": EBL-999 10 AA/AAA bays + 2 9V bays

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Best Rechargeable AA NiMH Batteries For Your Flash (Don’t Buy Eneloops…) (OCTOBER 7, 2014) - Light & Matter
(no data, no details, no list)
(Scroll down to Chargers section): They recommend the OPUS BT-C2000 or the La Crosse BC1000 or BC700.

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Comparison of 50+ Charger Reviews, Multiple Types (reviews done between 2013-2018) - HKJ
(data & details available on individual reviews, details, list)
This reviews chargers of various types and chemistries (not just AA/AAA NiCd/NiMH), which you can specify by clicking on the appropriate link, such as: NiMH only, Li-Ion only, Universal, Analyzer, Display V & mAh, USB output, USB power input, 12V power input, Mains power input, Min. 4 slots 1A, Min. 6 slots, and NiMH C & D. The individual reviews of NiMH chargershave even more data; click on the link of the charger you're interested.

Make sure to look at the number of slots, and the min & max current across each slot, as the current determines how slowly the batteries charge (slow is better).

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Rechargeable Battery & Charger - Buying Guide (Aug 13, 2013) - Matt Granger
(no data, no details, no list)

I also found these videos about rechargeable batteries and even some on chargers.
This guy talks about his favorite batteries from and PowerEx (Imedion) , and his favorite charger is the Powerex/Maha MH-C801D. He uses his batteries professionally, and DOES recommend slow-charging batteries if you're not in a rush because the faster you charge a battery, the sooner it'll be broken. He has a somewhat strong Australian accent, so that may confuse some people.

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Top Advanced Rechargeable Battery Charger List! (NO DATE) - ChibiM (Marco)
(no data, details, no list)
This website actually sports three charging sections: The Eneloop Charge Guide, Complete Eneloop Charger List (Sanyo & Panasonic only, but outdated and some of the entries are not that good) and the above section. It does provide pros and cons of each, although it is certainly not exhaustive, but there are links to reviews by HKJ on lygte-info.dk.

It mostly focuses on more technologically advanced chargers:
Best of the multi-chemistry best: the SkyRC MC3000, which has both a phone and PC app, and a micro USB PC cable
Best budget multi-chemistry charger: Opus BT-3100
2nd best of multi-chemistry chargers: LITTOKALA Lii-500
Best NiMH charger: NC 2600
2nd best NiMH charger: Powerex MH-C9000
Best budget NiMH charger: BT-C700
There is one more mentioned, but it has problems with the buttons so, if you're not good at cleaning button contacts, ignore the last one on the list.

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DISPOSABLE (Alkaline, Lithium) CELLS

One important thing to note is that cheapo batteries are cheap for a reason: Dollar General and Harbor Freight SUCK for both duration AND value! If you're using a lot of batteries, either get the high-end ones or, better yet, get rechargeables.

In redoing this article, I checked prices online for batteries and discovered that, if you look around, you can get high-end batteries for FAR less than you'd expect. For AAAs, I found Duracell Quantums for as little as $.41 per, Energizer Ultimate Lithium for $.96, Energizer Max for $.30, and Rayovac Fusion for $.50. For double AAs, I found Duracell Quantums for as little as $.44 per, Energizer Ultimate Lithium for $1.18, Energizer Max for $.40, and Rayovac Fusion for $.45. Some of these were special sales, but some were just because of buying in volume, or where I found it. I found searching on Google very helpful, plus I use extensions like PriceBlink, Honey, InvisibleHand and Cently to help find deals and promo codes. Amazon is NOT always the cheapest, and don't forget to look at the S&H if you're not going to pick up your batteries at a store.

The Bounce Test

One simple trick to know if a non-heavy duty, alkaline disposable battery is almost empty is the bounce test. As an alkaline battery approaches the end of its life, the amount of zinc oxide in it is much greater than at the start. As a result of this, it has an interesting effect - a full battery will hardly bounce at all, but that empty battery will BOUNCE!

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Which AA Battery is Best? Can Amazon Basics beat Energizer? Let's find out! (Dec 10, 2018) - Project Farm

300 Mili-Amp Hours (mAh) Discharge Test (duration and mAh)

mAh per penny: Amazon Basics wins (but it takes a few of them to equal one of the top brands)!

100 Mili-Amp Hours (mAh) Discharge Test (duration and mAh)

mAh per penny: Amazon Basics wins again!

So, if duration/output is important, the Energizer Lithium batteries are the best but several others are quite close (Energizer, Rayovac Fusion, Duracell Quantum), but if you want more bang for your buck and don't mind having to replace your batteries more often (and produce more garbage), AmazonBasics are the best (note that 1 Energizer Lithium is equal to 2.5 of these, and almost 2x the next best choices, so multiply the cost of the AB by that difference to determine how it compares)!

The reason that the batteries don't perform the same is because most batteries work differently for low and high current draw. So, the Energizer Max, Rayovac Fusion and Duracell Quantum are almost identical for high draw uses, but the Duracell Quantum, Energizer Max and Duracell (Coppertop) are better for low draw, while the Energizer Lithium is the best for both, and vastly outperforms AmazonBasics.

In this follow-up video to the above, [Which Rechargeable Battery is the Best? Let's find out! {@7:40}](January 2019)](

) he used the Powerex MH-C9000 to test the actual capacity of alkaline cells, and adds on a few more brands.

100 mA Discharge Test

mA/penny

300 mA Discharge Test

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Expensive Batteries vs Cheap Batteries! (Dec 2, 2018) - Freakin' Reviews
(data, details, list)

Here's another test of regular AAs using little hand-fans: [Poor: Panasonic, Sunbeam high drain], [Average: CVS Alkaline, Duracell], [Best: Duracell Quantum and Energizer Lithium] (in order of death):
Overall Durations:

Top 2 Durations:

Overall Costs:

Top 2 Costs:

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Expensive Energizer Battery vs Cheap Dollar Store Batteries! (Dec 17, 2017) - electronicsNmore
(data, details, list)

This test used voltmeters to discharge the batteries and Sunbeam outperformed Panasonic but not Energizer at 75mA, but beat both at 300mA.

75mA test:

300mA:

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AA Alkaline Battery Capacity Test - Duracell, GP, Varta, Energizer, ... (Oct 31, 2017) - DiodeGoneWild
(data, details, list)

Another discharge test with his own tool, this time with a few brands I've not heard of (Kaufland, Varta & GP) vs. Energizer and Duracell. If you have trouble with Indian accents, this may challenge you, but he does show this chart.

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AA Battery Test, Dollar Tree etc. With Graphs and mAh Ratings! Part 1 (May 16, 2017) - lsm13b
(data, details, list)

Here's another guy who tested regular AAs with his own tester. Start at 9:44 because most of it is just rambling.

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Which Battery Lasts the Longest? (Dec 26, 2013) - Household Hacker
(data, details, list)

This tested batteries in flashlights 3 times. Please note that I'm not sure that all the flashlights are the same, which may have impacted the results. Also, note that this is from 2013.

Test 3: no data shown

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Invalid Tests

The following trio of tests is invalid because of the crappy cars, but I thought I'd include them so you can see for yourself what a bad test looks like. The third test clearly demonstrates the quality issue.
(no data, no details, list)

Comparing Batteries Against Each Other (Jan 29, 2017) - Channel Ron

This test of regular AAs is with toy cars, with some very surprising results that may be because of the quality of the cars, or perhaps some of them were mismounted, which caused the tires to rub against the display.

Comparing AAA Batteries Test 2 (Dec 3, 2017) - Channel Ron

He was so surprised, he redid the test with two cars per brand, but only Sunbeam, Duracell, Rayovac Fusion and Energizer alkaline AAs.

Battery Test # 3 With Sunbeam (Nov 4, 2018) - Channel Ron

His final test just used Sunbeam and it showed how different the quality of the cars was, demonstrating that the previous 2 tests weren't valid for choosing batteries because the cars were poor quality.

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This article took weeks to make, but is going to be replaced by a newer article (which this is, too).
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