Chains-On-Chain Architecture in DxChain

DxChain is developing a decentralized big data and machine learning network. With DxChain’s decentralized data exchange platform, users would be able to own and control their own data, and securely trade and analyse data. In order to maintain decentralized big data the chain must be fast, light and extendable, the DxChain introduced a new chain design known as chains-on-chain architecture, it contains two layers of blockchain: master blockchain and side blockchains.

The side blockchains contains two side chains: Data Side Chain (DSC) and Computing Side Chain (CSC). This multi-chain structure was designed in order to solve multiple issues related to data computation, storage, and privacy issues; this would otherwise be difficult to do simultaneously with only one chain.

Master Side Chain stores assets and ledger information and events such as states, transactions, receipts, and contracts. DxChain Network uses the accounts-based model to store the transaction and asset information, which includes account states, transactions across accounts and receipts. Master chain is better for storing small information since it in immutable. It is in charge of all transactions.

Only valid transactions are added into the master chain to enable the asset transfers between the master chain and side chains. Communication between master chain and side chain is done through smart contracts. When the job of side chain is finished the final state, related cost and incentives are stored on the master chain via smart contract. With the smart contract across the master and side chains, the entire system can keep a low cost on the master chain, as well as high efficiency computing and data storage on the side chains.

Even these chains are interconnected through smart contracts, master chain and side chains are independent from each other and master chain can work even side chains are broken.

In order to support the complex data structure and computing information side chains are used. They are designed to solve the efficiency issue of data storage and computing. They are in charge of storage and computation.

Data Side Chain stores the non-assets information or megadata (a set of data that provides information on other data and serves as a method of storage retrieval). It is built upon a peer-to-peer distributed file storage system such as IPFS or Swarm. DSC uses Proof of Spacetime (PoSt) as its consensus method. The advantages includes faster transaction speed, faster setting times, lower transaction fees and higher privacy.

Computing Side Chain stores computing specific task performed on DxChain and solves real business problems and supports specific computing tasks. It is hash-linked, contains the header, transaction sets, contracts of the DxChain Network and data allocation. It uses Provable Data Computation (PDC) and verification game consensus method. Computing unit reads data from data side chain, do all the computing task and write the result back to DSC. The communication between DSC and CSC is done through microservices. The function of side chains are time-bounded, so that the blocks do not need to indefinitely store expired data. The DxChain team is designing a chain shortening algorithm which could remove unused data to save valuable block space.

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