ANEMIA:

ANEMIA:
Anemia is a condition in which you lack enough healthy red blood cells to carry adequate oxygen to your body's tissues.

CAUSES:

· Iron deficiency anemia:happens because you don’t have enough of the mineral iron in your body. Your bone marrow needs iron to make hemoglobin, the part of the red blood cell that takes oxygen to your organs.

· Vitamin deficiency anemia:can happen when you aren’t getting enough vitamin B12 and folate. You need these two vitamins to make red blood cells.

· Anemia of inflammation: Anemia of inflammation, also called anemia of chronic disease or ACD, is a type of anemia that affects people who have conditions that cause inflammation, such as infections, autoimmune diseases, cancer link, and chronic kidney disease (CKD).

·

· Aplastic anemiaAplastic anemia is a life-threatening form of complete bone marrow failure. As a result, the blood contains inadequate numbers of red blood cells (anemia)

· Hemolytic anemia: Hemolytic anemia is a disorder in which red blood cells are destroyed faster than they can be made. The destruction of red blood cells is called hemolysis. Red blood cells carry oxygen to all parts of your body. If you have a lower than normal amount of red blood cells, you have anemia.

· Sickle cell anemia: This causes RBCs to be shaped like crescents. They may break down more quickly than healthy RBCs or become lodged in small blood vessels.

This blockage can reduce oxygen levels and cause pain further down in the bloodstream.

SYMPTOMS:

Signs and symptoms, if they do occur, might include:
· Fatigue

· Weakness

· Pale or yellowish skin

· Irregular heartbeats

· Shortness of breath

· Dizziness or lightheadedness

· Chest pain

· Cold hands and feet

· Headaches

DIAGNOSIS:

· Complete blood count (CBC). The CBC blood test shows the number and size of the red blood cells. ...

· Serum iron levels. This blood test shows if iron deficiency is the cause of anemia.

· Ferritin test. ...

· Vitamin B-12 test. ...

· Folic acid test. ...

· Stool test for occult blood.

MANAGEMENT:

Iron-deficiency anemia: Iron supplements and dietary changes can help, and, when relevant, a doctor will identify and address the cause of excessive bleeding.

Vitamin deficiency anemia: Treatments can include dietary supplements and vitamin B-12 shots.

Thalassemia: include folic acid supplements, iron chelation, and, for some people, blood transfusions and bone marrow transplants.

Anemia due to chronic disease: The doctor will focus on resolving the underlying condition.

Aplastic anemia: Treatment involves blood transfusions or bone marrow transplants.

Sickle cell anemia: Treatment typically involves oxygen therapy, pain relief medication, and intravenous fluids, but it can also include antibiotics, folic acid supplements, blood transfusions, and a cancer drug called hydroxyurea.

Hemolytic anemia: The treatment plan may include immunosuppressant drugs, treatments for infections, and plasmapheresis, which filters the blood.