History and Beauty of Baiturrahman Mosque in Indonesia (ACEH)

Masjid Raya Baiturrahman is a mosque of the Sultanate of Aceh built by Sultan Iskandar Muda Mahkota Alam in 1022 H / 1612 M.
This beautiful and majestic building resembling the Taj Mahal in India is located right in the heart of Banda Aceh City and is the focal point of all activities in Aceh Darussalam.

When the Kingdom of the Netherlands attacked the Sultanate of Aceh on the second Dutch army aggression on Shafar Moon 1290 Hijri / 10 April 1873 AD, Baiturrahman Great Mosque was burned. Then, in 1877 the Dutch rebuilt the Great Mosque of Baiturrahman to attract attention and dampen the anger of Aceh Nation. At that time the Sultanate of Aceh was still under the rule of Sultan Muhammad Daud Syah Johan Sovereign who was the last Sultan of Aceh.

As a historic place that has high artistic value, Baiturrahman Great Mosque becomes a religious tourism object that can make every tourist who come chuckle amazed at the history and beauty of architecture, where Baiturrahman Great Mosque is one of the most beautiful mosque in Indonesia that has stunning architecture, carving an attractive, spacious courtyard with a Turkish-Ottoman Ottoman Turkish bath pool and will be very cool when inside this mosque.

During the Sultanate of Aceh Darussalam, in addition to the Grand Mosque in the holy city of Makkah, Baiturrahman Great Mosque is also one of the learning centers of Islam visited by people who want to learn Islam from all over the world. On March 26, 1873 the Kingdom of the Netherlands declared war to the Sultanate of Aceh, they began to fire cannon fire into the mainland of Aceh from the warship Citadel Van Antwerpen. On April 5, 1873, the Dutch landed at Pante Ceureumen under the leadership of Johan Harmen Rudolf Köhler, and immediately mastered the Great Mosque of Baiturrahman. Köhler then carried 3,198 soldiers. A total of 168 of them were officers. But this first battle was won by the Sultanate of Aceh, where in the incident the death of General Johan Harmen Rudolf Köhler who was the great Dutch general as a shot by a gun by a warrior soldier of the Sultanate of Aceh who then perpetuated his shot on a small monument under the Tree Kelumpang which is near the entrance north of the Baiturrahman Great Mosque.

As the headquarters of the war and the citadel of the people of Aceh, At that time, the Baiturrahman Great Mosque was used as a place for all the war troops of the Aceh Sultanate gathered to develop war strategy and tactics. History notes that Aceh's national heroes such as Teuku Umar and Cut Nyak Dhien participated in taking part in maintaining the Baiturrahman Great Mosque.
The Baiturrahman Great Mosque burned down on the second Dutch army aggression on 10 April of Shafar 1290H / April 1873 AD led by General van Swieten. The Dutch act that burned the Baiturrahman Grand Mosque which is the proud mosque belonging to the Sultan Darussalam Sultanate is what makes the Acehnese wrathful to make an increasingly strong resistance to expel the Netherlands from the Sultanate of Aceh. The burning of the Baiturrahman Grand Mosque by the Dutch made one of Aceh's best daughters, Cut Nyak Dhien very angry and shouted loudly in front of the burning Baiturrahman Mosque while raising the spirit of Jihad Fillsabilillah Aceh Nation.

"All the believers who are called Acehnese! Take a look! Watch yourself with your eyes! Our mosque burned it! They are against Allah Subhanahuwataala! Your place of worship destruction! God's name is defiled! Remember that! Let us not forget that kind of pagan mind! Is there any Acehnese who likes to forgive the sin of the infidel like that? Is there any Acehnese who likes to be a Dutch kafir slave? "(Szekely Lulofs, 1951: 59).

Four years after the Baiturrahman Great Mosque burned, in mid-shafar 1294 H / March 1877 AD, by repeating the promise of General Van Sweiten and as an apology also to suppress the anger of the people of Aceh then Governor-General Van Lansberge declared that he would rebuild the burnt Baiturrahman Mosque that.

This statement was announced after a consultation with heads of state around Banda Aceh City. Where it is concluded that the influence of the mosque is very big for the people of Aceh who are 100% Muslim. The promise was made by General Mayor General Karel Van Der Heijden as the Aceh military governor at that time and on Thursday 13 Syawal 1296 H / 9 October 1879 AD, placed on the first stone represented by Tengku Qadhi Malikul Adil.

This Baiturrahman Grand Mosque was rebuilt in 1299 H with only one dome. In 1935 AD, the Great Mosque of Baiturrahman expanded the right and left with the addition of two domes. This expansion is undertaken by the Bureau of Public Works (B.O.W) at the cost of F. 35,000, - (thirty five thousand guilders) with the project manager Ir. M. Thahir and completed by the end of 1936 AD

The expansion effort was continued by a joint committee of the Kutaraja Great Mosque Expansion Committee. By a ministerial decree dated 31 October 1975 it was also agreed that its second expansion and implementation be submitted to NV's contractors. Zein from Jakarta. This expansion has two more domes and two north and south towers. With this second expansion the Baiturrahman Great Mosque has five domes and finished hiring in 1967 AD.

In order to welcome the QII National XII Musabaqah Tilawatil Qur'an from 7 to 14 June 1981 in Banda Aceh, the Baiturrahman Great Mosque was transformed with equipment, mounting clinkers on the streets of his yard. Repair and addition of ablution site of porcelain and installation of door crackers, chandeliers, calligraphy of Qur'anic verses of brass, dome parts and fountain installation inside the front yard pool.

In 1991-1993, the Great Mosque of Baiturrahman carried out a re-extension sponsored by Governor Dr. Ibrahim Hasan, covering the front and back pages and the mosque itself. The expanded part of the mosque, which includes the floor of the mosque where prayer, library, living room, office space, hall and ablution place. While the page extension includes, park and parking lot and one main tower and two minarets. So that the space in the mosque into 4,760 m2 Italian-made marble floor, the type with the size of 60 × 120 cm and can accommodate 9,000 worshipers.

With the expansion, the Baiturrahman Great Mosque now has 7 domes, 4 towers, and 1 master tower. From time to time this mosque has grown rapidly both in terms of architecture and community activities. In accordance with the development, the area of Great Mosque Baiturrahman ± 4 Ha, in it there is a pond, the main tower and the other yard covered with grass neatly arranged and beautifully interspersed with plants / ornamental trees.

When the tsunami devastated the Land of Rencong Aceh on December 26, 2004, the Great Mosque of Baiturrahman still stands majestically, the waves of the tsunami that began to wet the Earth of Aceh really could not destroy this house of God. At that time the Great Mosque of Baiturrahman became a place for the people of Aceh to take refuge as well as a place to evacuate the bodies of tsunami victims lying.

After passing through various historical events, to this day Baiturrahman Great Mosque still stands firmly as a symbol of religion, culture, spirit, power, struggle and nationalism of the people of Aceh.

The number of tourists visiting Aceh continues to increase every year, they visit historic sites scattered throughout Aceh. One of the historical attractions of great interest to tourists is the Baiturrahman Great Mosque, tourists usually spend time by studying the history of the Baiturrahman Grand Mosque, enjoying the architectural beauty of Baiturrahman Great Mosque as well as perpetuating the photo while in Baiturrahman Great Mosque.

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