There are two types of corruption - centralized and decentralized. Decentralized corruption is rampant in many countries and looks very often quite comical.

A vivid example can be the police officers on the road. If the driver remains in the car while checking documents and drawing up an administrative protocol, as in the United States, the possibility of abuse of office tends to zero.

And this is understandable, the policeman is afraid of demanding a bribe, since in a foreign machine there can be a recording device. Another thing is Russia, where a driver who has committed a traffic violation is put in a patrol car where the police can offer to pay off on the spot. Decentralized corruption is easily defeated when certain rules for the relationship between state people and citizens are established.

Transparency, witness protection, the development of social networks and an independent press are particularly effective. Centralized corruption is another matter. Here already people in power create global structures for drawing money out of the economy, which negatively affects economic growth.

There is a rather simple dependence: the more the state gets into the economy, the higher the corruption base. Moreover, as soon as a corruption component arises, dirty money is invested in political capital. But the more power, the more opportunities to create constraints in the economy.

Supervisory authorities are beginning to expand and grow stronger, increasing the influence of the state on the economy. This creates a destructive vicious circle, centralized corruption is rapidly expanding, absorbing private initiative. The last point of this vicious circle is a complete ban on private initiative, for any action it becomes necessary to obtain permission from the bureaucracy. Usually it thrives in resource economies.

A very interesting story is the expansion and contraction of the state's influence on the economy in Russia. Here, almost the whole story consists of this process. For example, Nikolai Palkin tried to regulate everything, to use manual control. Everything was forbidden, it was necessary to obtain permission for any action.

Corruption sprouted violent color, all permits were sold for money. Of course, the result was economic backwardness and the plight of people. It is vividly described in Turgenev's book Fathers and Sons. Young Bazarov and his friend go to the estate, and along the road devastation, poverty and poverty.

Economic backwardness led to a severe defeat in the Crimean War. Russian people were long proud of the victory over Napoleon and invented a myth about the invincibility of Russian weapons. But economic growth in Europe on the basis of private initiative contributed to the strengthening of many countries.

Russia is hopelessly behind. The Bolsheviks brought the Romanov affair to its logical conclusion. Expanded as a result of reforms under the Romanovs, civil society was simply eliminated by the first decrees of the Bolsheviks.

Further, the Chekists completed the massacre and the collectivization of agriculture. All people became dependent on the state, each person was implemented in one of the hierarchical structures, independent people simply did not become. Against this background, the song cynically sounded: "I do not know the country where a person so freely breathes ...".

It's pretty funny how centralized corruption is superimposed on these hierarchical structures. The starting point of course is self-organization in conflict-authoritarian groups. People are looking for the most effective strategy for self-realization in the social environment and facing with primitive violence choose primitive communities.

They are hierarchical structures, the places in them are determined by the degree of violence a person is capable of.

The most striking was the experiment of Didier Disor. Six rats were placed in a cage, but to get food, it was necessary to swim the pool. As a result of the fight, the rats distributed roles to each other. 2 became exploiters, they did not swim for food, forced it to do 2 working rats.One rat got into the jammed and was satisfied with the crumbs falling during fights, 1 the rat became independent and independently extracted food.

Then 6 exploiters were put in one cage, they fought all night. By morning the roles were distributed according to the usual pattern: 2 exploiters, 2 working rats, one slaughtered and one independent. Similarly, self-organization takes place in the human community in the midst of violence. Then begins the process of extracting money.

And here the most effective corruption schemes are formed. The fact is that where primitive communities dominate, always the only means of income is the redistribution of resources, expansion, seizure of foreign territories.

In this system, a creative economy is impossible. In the example with the police this works as follows. Employees collect money at the bottom of the hierarchy. Part of it is left to itself, another is given to the commander of the battalion. The latter gives part of the money to the top, part of it remains to himself.

And so to the Minister of Internal Affairs. That's why places on the upper floors are very profitable and the posts for feeding are sold for money. In order not to offend policemen, I want to note that absolutely all hierarchical structures in Russia live exactly the same. The most advanced people try to exchange money rather than money.

Thus, the market of powers is flourishing, along with which the monetization of powers is going on at various points. Hence the desire of all government departments to impose various restrictions and bans, after which they sell permits for money or create private monopoly groups close to their structures.

As, for example, customs. Want to send the goods abroad, then register it through the Rostek system, affiliated with the customs. Do you want to transport cargo to the territory of Russia? Take advantage of the customs warehouse, which belongs to relatives or friends with customs.

Then your cargo will be cleared for one day, otherwise it will be 10 days, and you can get an administrative or criminal case fabricated by customs officers. Centralized corruption, which grew on the basis of self-organization through conflict-authoritarian groups, causes the most serious damage to the economy.

The state, without encountering obstacles, expands to the complete destruction of private initiative, civil society is eliminated and all people become dependent. At a certain point, resources are reduced to the point that there is nothing to redistribute. A polarization of the rich and poor, the closure of social elevators, the concentration of resources in the hands of a few always pushes young people to seize power and property. High risks are covered by an even higher premium.

The state is sharply reduced, private initiative is spreading. But, like in rats, self-organization again takes place in hierarchical structures with powerful powers, and they again begin to impose restrictions and bans on private initiative right up to the elimination of civil society and law.

There are already many books on institutional economics, written on rich historical material. Moreover, at the time of the next collapse of their economies as a result of vicious circles between centralized corruption and self-organization in primitive communities, many countries are turning to the IMF and other international organizations for help.

If formerly corrupt people simply received help and immediately robbed their citizens, and international organizations reported on the successful work done, then after the release of many books, the requirements changed. Assistance began to be provided in exchange for institutional reforms.

But success was still only in the reports of employees of international organizations. They did not take into account the social environment in which self-organization takes place. The fact is that it is the social environment that determines the subsequent institutions.

In Russia, a civil code was adopted and many other legislative acts aimed at the formation of democratic institutions. And what's with that? All they are imitation, only work hierarchical structure, corruption for them, like air for birds, without it they just can't function.

All democratic institutions, the principle of distribution of powers, the independence of the trial – all this is imitating. To change the situation in poor, highly corrupt countries like Russia it is not enough just to build inclusive institutions must first change the social environment.