The Prophet Muhammad SAW sometimes Maulid Prophet or Maulud (Arabic: مولد النبي, mawlid an-nabī), is the anniversary of the birth of Prophet Muhammad SAW, which in Indonesia falls on every 12th of Rabiul Awal in the Hijri calendar. The word maulid or milad in Arabic means day of birth. The Birthday Celebration of the Prophet is a tradition that developed in the Islamic community long after the Prophet Muhammad SAW died. Substantially, this warning is an expression of joy and respect for the Prophet Muhammad.
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History

The memorial of the Prophet's Majesty was first performed by King Irbil (present Iraqi territory), named Muzhaffaruddin Al-Kaukabri, at the beginning of the 7th century Hijriyah. Ibn Kathir in the book of Tarikh says:

Sultan Muzhaffar held the memorial of the Prophet's Majesty in the month of Rabi'ul Awal. He celebrated it massively. He is a brave man, a hero, a pious and a just - may Allah bless him.

Described by Ibn al-Jauzi's Sibth (grandson) that in the memorial, Sultan Al-Muzhaffar invites all his people and all scholars from various disciplines, both scholars in the field of Fiqh science, scholars of Hadith, scholars in the field of kalam, scholars, experts Sufism, and others. Since three days, before the day of the Prophet's Mawl, he has made various preparations. Thousands of goats and camels were slaughtered for the entourage of the attendees who will be present in the celebration of the Prophet's Mawlid. All the scholars of that time justify and approve what the Sultan Al-Muzhaffar is doing. They all looked at each other and regarded the celebration of the Prophet's Mawl for the first time.

Ibn Khallikan in the book Al-A'yan Wafayat narrated that Al-Imam Al-Hafiz Ibn Dihyah came from Morocco to Sham and so on to Iraq. When crossing the Irbil area in 604 Hijri, he found Sultan Al-Muzhaffar, the king of Irbil very much concerned with the celebration of the Prophet's Mawlid. Therefore, Al-Hafzih Ibn Dihyah later wrote a book on the Prophet's Mawlid entitled "Al-Tanwir Fi Maulid Al-Basyir An-Nadzir". This work was then presented to Sultan Al-Muzhaffar.

The scholars, since the time of Sultan Al-Muzhaffar and the era afterwards until now assume that the celebration of the Prophet's Mawlid is something good. The prominent scholars and Huffazh Al-Hadith have stated so. Among them, such as Al-Hafiz Ibn Dihyah (7th century H), Al-Hafiz Al-Iraqi (d.806 H), Al-Hafiz As-Suyuthi (911 H), Al-Hafizh Al-Sakhawi (d. 902 H), SyeIkh Ibn Hajar Al-Haitami (974 H), Al-Imam Al-Nawawi (w.676 H), Al-Imam Al-Izz ibn Abd Al-Salam (w 660 H), former mufti Egypt, Sheikh Muhammad Bakhit Al-Muthi'i (1354 AH), former Mufti of Beirut Lubnan, Sheikh Mushthafa Naja (1351 AH), and there are many other great scholars. Even Al-Imam Al-Suyuthi wrote a special work on Mawlid entitled "Husn Al-Maqsid Fi Amal Al-Maulid". Therefore the celebration of the Prophet's Mawlid, which is commonly celebrated in Rabiul Awal, became a tradition of Muslims throughout the world, from time to time and in each generation to generation.

Historians, such as Ibn Khallikan, Sibth Ibn Al-Jauzi, Ibn Kathir, Al-Hafiz Al-Sakhawi, Al-Hafiz Al-Suyuthi and others have agreed to declare that the person who first commemorated the mawlid was Sultan Al-Muzhaffar. But there is also another party who said that Sultan Salahuddin Al-Ayyubi was the first person to hold the Prophet's Mawlid. Sultan Salahuddin at that time made the Mawlid celebration with the aim of raising the spirit of the Muslims who have been extinguished to return to jihad in defense of Islam at the time of the Crusades.

Ahmad bin 'Abdul Halim Al Haroni rahimahullah said,

صلاح الدين الذي فتح مصر; فأزال عنها دعوة الباطنية وأظهر فيها شرائع الإسلام

Meaning:

"It was Sholahuddin who conquered Egypt. He deleted the preaching of 'Ubaidiyyun who adheres to the flow of Qoromithoh Bathiniyyah (a distinctly heretical sect, pen). It was Saladin who brought alive the Shari'ah of Islam at that time.

In other words, Ahmad bin 'Abdul Halim Al Haroni rahimahullah said,

فتحها ملوك السنة المخالفة للرافضة ثم صار العلم والسنة يكثر بها ويظهر

Means:

"The land of Egypt was later conquered by a king who embraced the Sunnah Saladin, who revealed the teachings of the Prophet suhih then, contrary to the teachings of Rafidhah (Shi'i). In his time, finally the science and teachings of the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam increasingly widespread.

Another source says that Mawlid's celebration was actually initiated by the Fatimid dynasty as narrated by many historians. These are the words of the historian of the Prophet Mawlid.

Al Maqriziy, the historian said, "The Fatimiyyun caliph has many celebrations throughout the year, New Year's celebrations, Ashura, Prophet's birthday, mawlid Ali ibn Abi Talib, Zahra, the reigning Caliphate, Rajab's first night celebration, Sha'ban's first evening celebration, Rajab midnight celebration, the first celebration of Ramadan Night, the celebration of the closing of Ramadan, the Eid celebrations, the Eid celebrations, the Eid celebrations, the winter festivities and summer, Al Kholij, Hari Nauruz (Persian New Year), Al Ghottos Day, Milad Day (Christmas), Al Khomisul 'Adas (3 days before Passover), and Rukubaat Day.

Asy Sheikh Bakhit Al Muti'iy, the Egyptian mufti in his book said that the first time held six mawlid celebrations: the birthday celebration of the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam, maulid' Ali, maulid Fatimah, maulid Al Hasan, maulid Al Husain-radhiyallahu 'anhum - and the ruling maulid caliph at that time was Al Mu'izh Lidinillah (descendant of' Ubaidillah of the Fatimiyyun dynasty) in 362 H.

Similarly, Asy Shaykh 'Ali Mahfuzh in his book Al Ibda' fi Madhoril Ibtida '(p.251) and Al Ustaz' Ali Fikriy in Al Muhadhorot Al Fikriyah (p.84) also said that Mawlid's first celebration was' Ubaidiyyun (Fatimiyyun ).

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