Who is James Watt - James Watt?

James Watt is an engineer, inventor and Scottish scientist. Abu Industrial Revolution is an important role in transforming our world from an agriculture-based world to a world of engineering and technology that can be realized if we know that the power unit watt is attributed to it.

About James Watt
James Watt was born on 19 January 1736 in Greenock, Scotland.

Watt became interested in steam engines, after one of his university friends, Professor John Robinson, discussed the possibility of inventing a motor vehicle.

Watt redesigned Newton's engine , and by the end of 1765 Watt had made his first small steam engine and had a separate condenser and a steam cap. So the industrial revolution was on the door but not yet started. In 1769, when he was 33 years old, His age recorded his new engine in patents.

Watt had one of the most important patents in human history and sold them to John Robek. Matthew Bolton of Birmingham bought the property rights for the Watt Bukhari. In 1775 Watt began a successful partnership with Bolton for 25 years.

Eleven years after he made his first small steam engine, his engines began to enter water pumps in mining mines. Over time, Watt and Bolton engines found their way into other applications. The Industrial Revolution swept through the UK and Watt and Bolton began to export their technology to the rest of the world.

The beginnings of James Watt
James Watt was born on January 19, 1736 in Greenock, Scotland to his parents Angis Moorhead, a cultured woman, and James Watt, who was a ship maker and entrepreneur in one of the most important trades, and had a brother named John who died at an early age.

Watt was not a good boy and had tooth and sister pain during his childhood. Because of his health, he was unable to attend school regularly and his parents often taught him at home. His mother taught him to read while his father taught him math and writing. In his father's lab he gathers various objects and designs multiple models, and so he likes the skill of making equipment.

When he was a teenager, his father lost money because of economic problems and his mother died. In the meantime, he decided to look for work in the field of mathematics equipment rather than university. He trained in London and his skills exceeded his peers' skills within two months. After a year in London he found work At the University of Glasgow in repairing tools for the Department of Astronomy.

The achievements of James Watt
Watt's work in repairing the tools was so sophisticated that professors at the university wanted to stay there permanently. He called for the establishment of a small lab in the university. The teachers soon realized that the young man who worked in his laboratory had a science equivalent to what they had. They started by inviting him to discuss their work, Mathematics and physics students discovered that Watt learned more about their disciplines than they had learned.

Watt became a friend of Adam Smith, the founder of the economics branch and author of The Wealth of Nations, and chemist Joseph Black, who discovered magnesium and invented the term " The latent heat is independent of watts.

In 1759, four years after his arrival in Glasgow, Watt became interested in steam engines, after one of his university friends, Professor John Robinson, discussed the possibility of inventing a motor vehicle. Although their idea of ​​the car was not It was practical but it was the foundation planted in Watt's fertile mind. Professor Robinson did not remain silent. He was the first to publish a reverse quadrature of electronic forces and invented a sound generator.

In 1763, when he was 27 years old, a motor engine arrived in Newton's engine. Professor John Anderson, who was using the engine for the purposes of explaining and explaining physics lectures, needed to repair it, but he was impressed by the amount of detail that was The engine was able to function, Newton's engines were used at the time in Britain 50 years ago and no one found a way to develop them.

It worked on the principle that the pump in the cylinder can be directed only one direction by a wave of steam that makes the air in the cylinder expand, and then the cold water is introduced to the steam place to cool the air in the cylinder which creates a partial vacuum pushing the piston in the other direction to come back Things are repeated the same way by introducing hot steam.

Watt decided that he could make a better engine. He thought of other details and experimented with his work using water and steam in metal. After two years of experimentation and thinking, Watt came to the solution. Through his scientific understanding of water behavior and the underlying heat principle, As follows: The heat was used in the engine to generate steam, but when the steam was finished, the cylinder was cooled with water, and the heating and cooling of the cylinder itself per piston was very expensive in terms of energy required to do so,

"The idea that came to my mind is that because the steam gas it will accelerate to the vacuum, and if the engine cylinder was connected to a vessel with low pressure will accelerate the steam, and condense to cool the cylinder engine, and then I saw that I have to get rid of condensate steam in the cylinder"

Watt redesigned the engine, and by the end of 1765, at the age of 29, Watt had made his first small steam engine and had a separate condenser and a vapor cover, so the industrial revolution was on the door but not yet started, and in 1769 When he was 33 years old, he registered his new engine in patents.

Watt had one of the most important patents in human history and sold it to John Robb, whose factory went bankrupt. Matthew Bolton of Birmingham bought property rights for the Watt steam engine. In 1775 Watt began a successful partnership with Bolton for 25 years. Gorgeous genius-watt in science and engineering and Bolton's skills in industry and commerce.

Eleven years after he made his first small steam engine, his engines began to enter the water pumps in the mining mines. The annual fees that the miners paid for engines accounted for one third of the fuel used by the engine. The arrival of steam steam engine.

Yet the success of Watt and Bolton faced some hurdles. In 1791, they had to arm their workers to defend themselves during four-day riots, during which scientists and thinkers were the target.

Over time, Watt and Bolton engines found their way into other applications. The Industrial Revolution swept through the UK and Watt and Bolton began to export their technology to all parts of the world.

In 1800, when Watt was 64 years old, he was very rich and retired. He and Bolton inherited their partnership to their sons, James Watt Junior and Matthew Robinson Bolton, and their partnership continued successfully.

Watt continued his research during his retirement, obtaining patents for both the copier, the twin engine, the rotary motor, and the steam pressure indicator. The rotary motor was important because it enabled the engines to move the wheels instead of the top-down movement of the previous engines.

In 1784 Watt was elected a member of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, and in 1787 he was elected a member of the Batavian Society of Experimental Philosophy in Rotterdam. He was then awarded an honorary doctorate in law in 1806 by the University of Glasgow and finally adopted the Eleventh General Conference on weights and metrology "Watt" to indicate the unit of measurement of power in the system of international units and that was in 1960.

The most famous words of James Watt
It is useless to drive the engine in just three countries, but I think it is very useful to be exported to all parts of the world.
Six or eight years ago, my friend, Mr. John Robinson, concluded that the fire engine could be made without a lever by turning the cylinder and placing it over the bottom of the container which gave me a new model but did not come out to light. , But I always think that machines can be used in other important things than pulling water.
It is useless to drive the engine in just three countries, but I think it is very useful to be exported to all parts of the world.
Six or eight years ago, my friend, Mr. John Robinson, concluded that the fire engine could be made without a lever by turning the cylinder and placing it over the bottom of the container which gave me a new model but did not come out to light. , But I always think that machines can be used in other important things than pulling water.
It is useless to drive the engine in just three countries, but I think it is very useful to be exported to all parts of the world.
Six or eight years ago, my friend, Mr. John Robinson, concluded that the fire engine could be made without a lever by turning the cylinder and placing it over the bottom of the container which gave me a new model but did not come out to light. , But I always think that machines can be used in other important things than pulling water.
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James Watt Personal Life
In 1764 Watt married his cousin Margaret Miller and had five children, but only one of them lived beyond 30 years of age. His wife died at birth in 1772.

In 1777 he married again from Anne McGregor, daughter of the dyes maker in Glasgow, and had two children who also died at an early age.

Death of James Watt
After his retirement, he traveled to France and Germany with his second wife. He also visited Greenock in 1816 and died on August 25, 1819 at home in England at the age of 83.

James Watt Quick Facts
James Watt studied all his home schooling at the hands of his parents for health reasons, suffering from migraines and toothaches.
Watt in his childhood took the work of his father a laboratory in which he tries to assemble the pieces and install them to come out of new models and designs, which made him fond of engineering later.
The steam engine provides 80% of the fuel used compared to the Newton engine, which was previously used.
Watt was the first to invent the term "horsepower" to describe the power of the resulting engine, and today we use the term "watt" to measure power, although engine capacity is still often measured by horsepower.
Watt is the first to indicate that water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen.
Watt is the first to have invented a printing machine in its initial form.
Watt said he preferred to stand in the face of a stuffed gun to trade or bargain for goods, which confirms that he was not a trader but an inventor.