Food substances Needed By The Human Body

In order for the human body to grow and develop, and to have enough energy to perform physical activity every day, the human body must have it's nutritional needs met. Substances that are needed by the human body to function can be grouped into six categories: water, protein, fat, vitamins, minerals, and carbohydrates.

Zat makanan yang dibutuhkan oleh tubuh manusia

Agar tubuh manusia tumbuh dan berkembang, dan memiliki cukup energi untuk melakukan aktivitas fisik setiap hari, tubuh manusia pasti sudah memenuhi kebutuhan nutrisinya. Zat yang dibutuhkan oleh tubuh manusia untuk berfungsi dapat dikelompokkan menjadi enam kategori: air, protein, lemak, vitamin, mineral, dan karbohidrat.

The Six Categories Of Substances Needed By Humans:

• Water, serves as a solvent and maintains body temperature. The water requirement is governed by some glands such as the pituitary, thyroid, kidney and sweat glands.
• Proteins, composed of elements C, H, O, and N (and sometimes S and P), are obtained through plants (vegetable proteins) and through animals (animal proteins)
• Proteins help rebuild damaged cells
• They form regulators such as enzymes and hormones
• They establish an anti-energy substance. In this case every gram of protein produces about 4.1 calories. It should be noted that if the body suffers from a lack of proteins, then malnutrition will happen.
• Fat is a compound composed of the elements C, H, and O, which form fatty acid compounds and glycerol (glycerin). When combined with other substances it will form lipoids-phostatids and sterols.

Enam Kategori Zat yang Dibutuhkan Oleh Manusia:

• Air, berfungsi sebagai pelarut dan menjaga suhu tubuh. Kebutuhan air diatur oleh beberapa kelenjar seperti kelenjar pituitari, tiroid, ginjal dan kelenjar keringat.
• Protein, terdiri dari unsur C, H, O, dan N (* dan kadang-kadang S dan P *), diperoleh melalui tanaman (protein nabati) dan melalui hewan (protein hewani)
• Protein membantu membangun kembali sel yang rusak
• Mereka membentuk regulator seperti enzim dan hormon
• Mereka membangun zat anti-energi. Dalam hal ini setiap gram protein menghasilkan sekitar 4,1 kalori. Perlu dicatat bahwa jika tubuh menderita kekurangan protein, maka malnutrisi akan terjadi.
• Lemak adalah senyawa yang tersusun dari unsur C, H, dan O, yang membentuk senyawa asam lemak dan gliserol (gliserin). Bila dikombinasikan dengan zat lain maka akan terbentuk lipoid-phostatid dan sterol.

Photo Credits: Pixabay

---

Fat serves as:

1. The largest calorie producer (in this case every gram of fat produces about 9.3 calories).
2. As a solvent of certain vitamins such as vitamins A, D, E, and K.
3. As a protector of the body and as a low ten pen body protector.

Lemak berfungsi sebagai:

1. Penghasil kalori terbesar (dalam hal ini setiap gram lemak menghasilkan sekitar 9,3 kalori).
2. Sebagai pelarut vitamin tertentu seperti vitamin A,
   D, E, dan K.
3. Sebagai pelindung bodi dan sebagai pelindung bodi pena sepuluh rendah.

• Carbohydrates, consisting of elements C, H, and O. Based on the sugar consistency groups can be divided into monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides.

• Karbohidrat, terdiri dari unsur C, H, dan O. Berdasarkan kelompok konsistensi gula dapat dibagi menjadi monosakarida, disakarida, dan polisakarida.

• Vitamins can be grouped into water-soluble vitamins including vitamins B and C, and fat-soluble vitamins / oils including vitamin A.D.E and K.

• Vitamin dapat dikelompokkan menjadi vitamin yang larut dalam air termasuk vitamin B dan C, dan vitamin / minyak yang larut dalam lemak termasuk vitamin A.D.E dan K.

A person with vitamin deficiency may have avitaminosis, whereas excessive vitamins may cause hypervitaminosis.

Seseorang dengan kekurangan vitamin mungkin memiliki avitaminosis, sedangkan vitamin yang berlebihan dapat menyebabkan hipervitaminosis.

Types Of Vitamins and Their Functions

Jenis Vitamin dan Fungsinya

Vitamin A

Name of Biochemistry (Vitaminer): Retinal, Retinol, Carotenoids
Function: It is important for the sense of vision, for maintaining skin health, and for body immunity
Diseases due to deficiency: Rabun Dusk, Cataract, Hyperkeratosis (white lump in hair follicle), Keratomalacia (Corneal Destruction)

Food Sources Vitamin A: Red and Yellow Fruits (Wartel, Red Chili, Banana, Papaya), Milk, Margarine, Liver and Kidney meat, and Green and Yellow Vegetables.

Vitamin B1

Name of Biochemistry (Vitaminer): Thiamine
Function: Important for the nervous system and heart function, Prevents beriberi disease
Diseases due to deficiency: reduced body power, Beriberi disease, lack of appetite, dry skin, scaly skin.
Food Sources Vitamin B1: Wheat, green beans, soybeans, meat, milk, bread, flour, fish, lean meats, and chicken.

Vitamin B2

Name of Biochemistry (Vitaminer): Riboflavin
Function: Important for the Skin, Growth of body tissues, preventing sensitivity of the eye to light
Disease due to deficiency: Ariboflavinosis disease, decreased immune system, dry skin, scaly skin, dry mouth, chapped lips.
Food Sources Vitamin B2: Milk, Banana, Green beans, asparagus, leafy green vegetables, lean meats.

Vitamin B3

Name of Biochemistry (Vitaminer): Niacin, Niacinamide
Function: Helps food to provide energy, helps the nervous system, prevents pellagra disease, prevents decreased appetite.
Diseases due to deficiency: Pellagra disease (Disease from lack of eating), insomnia, nausea, muscle spasms.
Food sources Vitamin B3: Eggs, Bread, chicken meat, beef, fish (tuna and salmon), Vegetables, leafy, asparagus, liver, yeast, milk, Avocado, Broccoli.

Vitamin B5

Name of Biochemistry (Vitaminer): Pantothenic acid (Pantothenic Acid)
Function: Helps the breakdown of food nutrition (especially in fat), maintains the communication of the nervous system and the brain; produces fatty acid compounds, sterols, neurotransmitters, and body hormones.
Disease due to deficiency: Paresthesia, muscle cramps, difficulty sleeping, dry and scaly skin.
Food Sources Vitamin B5: Broccoli, Avocado, Meat, Vegetables.

Photo Credits: Pixabay

---

Amino acids / Bensoic acid

Benzoic acid, C7H6O2 (or C6H5COOH), is a white crystalline solid and is the simplest aromatic carboxylic acid. The name of this acid comes from gum benzoin (sap of incense), which was once the only source of benzoic acid. This weak acid and its derivative salts are used as food preservatives. Benzoic acid is an important precursor in the synthesis of many other chemicals.
Asam amino/asam bensoat
Asam benzoat, C7H6O2 (atau C6H5COOH), adalah padatan kristal berwarna putih dan merupakan asam karboksilat aromatik yang paling sederhana. Nama asam ini berasal dari gum benzoin (getah kemenyan), yang dahulu merupakan satu-satunya sumber asam benzoat. Asam lemah ini beserta garam turunannya digunakan sebagai pengawet makanan. Asam benzoat adalah prekursor yang penting dalam sintesis banyak bahan-bahan kimia lainnya.

Vitamin B12

Name of Biochemistry (Vitaminer): Cyanocobalamin, hydroxycobalamin, methylcobalamin
Function: Maintains the health of the nervous system, prevents anemia, and is important for growth in children.
Disease due to deficiency: Anemia disease (less blood), get tired quickly.
Food Sources Vitamin B12: Fish, meat, eggs, milk, liver.
Nama Biokimia (Vitaminer) : Cyanocobalamin, hydroxycobalamin, methylcobalamin
Fungsi : Menjaga kesehatan sistem saraf, mencegah penyakit anemia dan penting untuk pertumbuhan bagi anak-anak.
Penyakit akibat kekurangannya : Penyakit Anemia (Kurang darah), cepat lelah.
Sumber Makanan Vitamin B12 : Ikan, daging, telur, susu, hati.

Vitamin C

Name of Biochemistry (Vitaminer): Ascorbic acid (Ascorbic Acid)
Function: It is important for healthy teeth and gums and bones; Forming body cells and blood vessels; Prevents scurvy, increase endurance, and acts as an antioxidant.
Disease due to deficiency: cracked tongue, decreased energy / fatigue, scurvy, sprue disease, anemia.
Food Sources Vitamin C: Citrus, Tomato, Strawberry, Strawberry, asparagus, cabbage, milk, butter, and fish.
Nama Biokimia (Vitaminer) : Ascorbic acid(Asam Askorbat)
Fungsi : Penting untuk kesehatan gigi dan gusi serta tulang, Membentuk sel-sel tubuh dan pembuluh darah, mencegah penyakit kudis, meningkatkan daya tahan tubuh, sebagai antioksidan.
Penyakit akibat kekurangannya : Lidah pecah-pecah, berkurangnya energi / cepat lelah, penyakit kudis, penyakit sariawan, anemia.
Sumber Makanan Vitamin C : Jeruk, Tomat, arbei, Strawberry, asparagus, kol, susu, mentega dan ikan.

Vitamin D

Name of Biochemistry (Vitaminer): Cholecalciferol, Ergocalciferol (Calciferol)
Function: It is important for teeth and bones, helps the body use Calcium and Phospor, and prevents diseases of the uterus (softening of the bones in children).
Disease due to deficiency: Rheumatoid arthritis (Arthritis), Osteomalacia Disease (excessive loss of phosphorus and calcium elements), diabetes, cervical disease.
Food Sources Vitamin D: Fish, eggs, liver, Mushroom, Soybean, Milk, shrimp, oysters. Sun exposure.
Nama Biokimia (Vitaminer) : Cholecalciferol, Ergocalciferol (Kalsiferol)
Fungsi : Penting untuk Gigi dan tulang, membantu tubuh menggunakan
Kalsium dan Phospor, mencegah penyakit rahkitis (pelunakan tulang pada anak-anak).
Penyakit akibat kekurangannya : Rheumatoid arthritis (radang sendi), Penyakit Osteomalasia (hilangnya unsur fosfor dan kalsium secara berlebihan), diabetes, Penyakit Rahkitis.
Sumber Makanan Vitamin D : Ikan, telur, hati, Jamur, Kedelai, Susu, udang, tiram. Paparan sinar Matahari.

Vitamin E

Name of Biochemistry (Vitaminer): Tocopherols, Tocotrienols
Function: Essential for blood function, prevent excessive fatty acids, maintain skin health network, eyes, red blood and liver; Acts as a natural antioxidant, protect lungs from air pollution.
Disease due to deficiency: sterility, nervous and muscle disorders.
Food Sources Vitamin E: vegetable oil, wheat, grains, lettuce, fish, yeast, egg yolks.
Nama Biokimia (Vitaminer) : Tocopherols, Tocotrienols
Fungsi : Penting untuk fungsi darah, mencegah asam lemak yang berlebihan, menjaga jaringan kesehatan kulit, mata, darah merah dan hati, Sebagai antioksidan alami, melindungi paru-paru dari polusi udara.
Penyakit akibat kekurangannya :kemandulan, gangguan saraf dan otot.
Sumber Makanan Vitamin E : minyak sayur, gandum, padi-padian, lettuce, ikan, ragi, kuning telur.

Vitamin H

Some of the benefits of choline for the body include the following

The brain's needs these nutrients in the formation of phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin. Both are lipid molecules act as insulators for neural network circuits. They maintain cell function because choline helps the formation of cell membranes. It helps maintain liver health because choline in the liver plays a role in removing excess cholesterol and fat in the liver. It helps maintain the health of a baby in the womb. In addition to building a baby's nervous system in the womb, choline also helps prevent congenital heart defects in infants. Increased intake of choline reduces levels of inflammatory markers in the form of C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and homocysteine. It aids the body's metabolism to produce energy. Choline plays a role in helping fat metabolize. Other benefits of choline include maintaining reproductive health, gallbladder, and heart health.

Kolin Manfaat Kolin
Beberapa manfaat kolin bagi tubuh antara lain sebagai berikut ;
Sebagai nutrisi otak yang diperlukan dalam pembentukan phosphatidylcholine dan sphingomyelin. Keduanya merupakan molekul lipid yang bertindak sebagai insulator bagi sirkuit jaringan syaraf.Menjaga fungsi sel karena kolin membantu pembentukan membran sel.Membantu menjaga kesehatan hati karena kolin dalam hati berperan membuang kelebihan kolesterol dan lemak dalam hati.Menjaga kesehatan bayi dalam kandungan. Selain membangun sistem syaraf bayi dalam kandungan, kolin juga membantu mencegah cacat jantung kongenital pada bayi.Mengurangi inflamasi (peradangan). Peningkatan asupan kolin mengurangi kadar penanda inflamasi berupa protein C-reaktif, interleukin-6, dan homosistein.Membantu metabolisma tubuh untuk menghasilkan energi. Kolin berperan membantu metabolisma lemak.Manfaat lain dari kolin antara lain menjaga kesehatan reproduksi, kandung empedu,dan jantung.

Vitamin K

Name of Biochemistry (Vitaminer): Phylloquinone, Menaquinones
Function: helps the body's metabolism and prevent diabetes, suppress the bleeding process due to usage of compounds of aspirin or antibiotics excessively, lowering the risk of osteoporosis.
Diseases due to deficiency: inhibits blood clotting, decreases in bone density.
Food Sources Vitamin K: Green leafy vegetables, avocado, kiwi, parsley (parsley).

Nama Biokimia (Vitaminer) : Phylloquinone, Menaquinones
Fungsi : membantu metabolisme tubuh dan mencegah penyakit diabetes, menekan proses pendarahan akibat pemakain senyawa aspirin atau antibiotik berlebihan, menurunkan risiko terkena penyakit osteoporosis.
Penyakit akibat kekurangannya :menghambat pembekuan darah, menurunnya kepadatan tulang.
Sumber Makanan Vitamin K : Sayuran berdaun hijau, avocado, kiwi, peterseli (parsley).

Photo Credits: Pixabay

---

Iodine

Mineral salt is required by the body. Iodine minerals are commonly found in most salt available at the market. Make sure the salt you buy has iodine because this substance plays an important role in assisting in the development of intelligence of children as they grow.

Zat mineral yodium biasanya terdapat pada garam dapur yang tersedia bebas di pasaran, namun pastikan garam yang anda beli memiliki kandungan yodium. Karena zat ini berperan penting untuk membantu perkembangan kecerdasan atau kepandaian pada anak pada masa pertumbuhannya

Phospor

Phosphorus works for bone forming and forming teeth.

Phosfor berfungsi untuk pembentukan tulang dan membentuk gigi.

Cobalt

Cobalt has the function to form blood vessels.

Cobalt memiliki fungsi untuk membentuk pembuluh darah.

Calcium

Calcium or lime is a mineral substance that aids in the formation of bones and teeth in addition to its role in muscle vitality.

Kalsium atau zat kapur merupakan zat mineral yang memiliki fungsi dalam pembentukan tulang dan gigi disamping perannya dalam vitalitas otot pada tubuh.

Potassium

Potassium serves in the formation of heart muscle activity.

Kalium berfungsi sebagai pembentuk aktivitas otot jantung.

Zinc or Zinc

Necessary for forming important enzymes and hormones.

*Zinc atau Seng
Diperlukan untuk pembentuk enzim dan hormon penting.

Sulfur

Works in the process of forming proteins in the body.

Sulfur / belerang
Berfungsi dalam proses pembentuk protein di dalam tubuh.

Chlor

Chlor is used by our body to form HCl or hydrochloric acid in the stomach. HCl itself serves to kill germ seed disease in the stomach and activate pepsinogen into pepsin.

Chlor digunakan tubuh kita untuk membentuk HCl atau asam klorida pada lambung. HCl sendiri berfungsi membunuh kuman bibit penyakit dalam lambung serta mengaktifkan pepsinogen menjadi pepsin.

Magnesium

Magnesium serves as a substance that forms red blood cells in the form of oxygen binding agents and hemoglobin.

Magnesium berfungsi sebagai zat yang pembentuk sel darah merah berupa zat pengikat oksigen dan hemoglobin.

Mangaan

Mangaan serves to regulate the growth of our body and the reproductive system.

Mangaan berfungsi untuk mengatur pertumbuhan tubuh kita dan sistem reproduksi.

Copper

Copper in the human body is useful as a hemo globin forming in red blood cells.

*Tembaga
Tembaga pada tubuh manusia berguna sebagai pembentuk hemo globin pada sel darah merah.

Sodium / Na

Sodium is a mineral substance that we rely on to form faram in the body, and is a conductor of impulses in nerve fibers and osmosis tekana on cells that maintain the balance of liquid cells with fluids around it.

Natrium/sodium adalah zat mineral yang kita andalkan sebagai pembentuk faram di dalam tubuh dan sebagai penghantar impuls dalam serabut syaraf dan tekana osmosis pada sel yang menjaga keseimbangan cairan sel dengan cairan yang ada di sekitarnya.

Flour

Has a role in the formation of enamel layers that protect the body from all kinds of dental disorders.

Flour
Memiliki peran dalam pembentukan lapisan email gigi yang melindungi dari segala macam gangguan pada gigi.

Photo Credits: Pixabay

References :
http://olvista.com/apa-itu-kolin/

http://ilmupengetahuanumum.com/jenis-jenis-vitamin-dan-fungsi-vitamin/

https://id.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asam_benzoat

This post has been edited and checked for plagiarism by a member of the @blue-pencil team! Please visit this link to learn more about @blue-pencil.