• ╫. • •. Cultivation of mushrooms is an environmental and economic goal. • ╫

The most profitable and least expensive project for growing mushrooms is an environmental and economic goal

Mushroom production has become one of the most profitable and least expensive projects in the Arab world,
Especially as it suits small savings people, and can be implemented in one of the rooms in the house.

Demand for the Mushroom product has increased in Arab countries after some have dubbed it the "meat of the poor";
Due to its low prices and contain the same protein components of meat.

Mushroom can be transformed into popular food in the Arab region with greater awareness of its many advantages
And its varied nutritional benefits, so as to provide its producers with a large market. What is mushroom life and its history?
How is it produced and cultivated? And economic feasibility as a project can be accepted by young people with simple savings,
What about the successful and the unsuccessful in this project ?.

The following lines provide preliminary information about this project:
What is mushrooms?

It is a mushroom, usually placed in a separate kingdom of plant and animal, it does not contain chlorophyll used by the plant in
His food is through metabolism, but it is considered to be a living organism to decompose dead organisms.

Mushroom consists of a body called mecellium, and its fruit contains seeds called vesicles, and its body stores
Materials and food compounds to produce mushrooms when conditions are appropriate. He also breathes like a human being but without lungs.
It is an exchange of gases with the outside air .. It drowns as a person drowns if diving under water, where
Can not replace oxygen and grow anaerobic bacteria, which is the majority of living organisms, grows in a warm environment ..
Low water or high humidity can kill him.

On his nutritional value, Dr. Reda Sukkar, an expert at the Egyptian Food Technology Center, said:
The nutritional value of the mushroom is numerous and varied, and it is enough that it contains the essential amino acids that
It needs the human body and it is present naturally next to vitamins B, C, d.

Mushroom was classified as a luxury food, but due to higher meat prices
Began to fall within the meals of the poor classes and as a permanent guest and alternative to the animal protein lost,
It also contains all mineral salts, potassium, phosphorus, magnesium and iron
In addition to some important vitamins and acids, such as folic acid, and the proportion of protein by about 3.5%
It is fresh and the proportion rises to 35% of the dry and is characterized by the lack of cholesterol, and recent scientific research has shown that it is anti-cancer.

Mushroom contains thousands of species, including dozens of toxic species and hundreds used as food for the human,
It is the most important types used as food, including mushrooms or ordinary poton, mushrooms Shiitake or Chinese,
Mushroom mushroom, Barley mushroom, Neopiolaris, Honey fungus, Hercium Irenasius, Tricoloma Ma Tsutaki.

The most famous toxic species are estimated in dozens, and there is no theoretical way to know the toxic non-toxic only by chemical analysis,
Dependence on form alone is not enough to know, and these species are found under the family, including the hood of death
Mushroom Mushroom, Shy Mushroom, Fly Mushroom.
(For more details on these species and nutritional value: See: Sam Crow ... National Sports!
As well as: mushrooms - a secret weapon of assassinations .

There are many ways to grow mushrooms:

1 - The method of plastic bags, the easiest and cheapest way, and where the bags are placed on a wooden floor (shelves, seats ...)
The bag is opened and a layer of prefabricated environment is placed in it. The seed is placed on top of it, and another layer of the environment is placed
About 10 cm, then sprinkle on top and then put another layer of the environment about 5 cm.

Then close the bag well and leave it for two weeks to 3 weeks until the emergence of white growths (Milsum)
Then we open the bag from the top and leave a week, and then disconnect the bag from the sides to get out some of them.
And continue in the service operations and humidity, and get 3 catches per session.

2 - The method of agriculture in plastic nets, by placing the network (length 80 cm) inside the bag
And packed like plastic bags, and then closed it inside the bag, and after the incubation period (2-3) weeks can remove the nets,
And suspended in any place with high relative humidity and sprinkled daily with a simple drizzle of water.

3 - Agriculture in the cylinder, the best and most famous methods in the Arab countries because they are less expensive
Less space in place and cylinder length of 1.5 meters in diameter 30 cm, need 35 kg environment + 1 kg of cocoa,
It produces about 5 kg of fruits per cycle (10 weeks) and can be used in homes and medium rooms.
The cylinder is equipped with the plastic cover on it and then filled with the environment and seed mixture, which is prepared by putting the environment on a clean linoleum
On the floor and mixed with seeds, and then filled in the cylinder, such as the mobilization of concrete columns, and taking care of the cylinder more than once during cultivation
So that there are not too many air gaps and then connect the plastic cover from the top after full filling, then the cylinders are stuck in rows.
Each cylinder must be 50 cm from all sides, with a vertical attempt to fasten it through wires and pipes
In the walls. There are many other ways in agriculture such as agriculture on shelves and in plastic boxes.

The fruits come out after about 3 weeks and enter the role of maturity in the fourth week, where they can be harvested, and then harvested again
Two weeks after the first cut and a third after two weeks of the second cut, until the crop is completely finished.
Conservation and packaging

Mushroom is considered a perishable crop, so most of the product can not be marketed freshly, hence it has to be
Search for many ways to prolong the period of preservation until it is used and the most important ways to save:

1. Cooling:

It can be kept for 5-10 days in the regular refrigerator at 2-5 degrees in a brown paper bag.

2- Freeze:

It is placed in a ventilated nylon bag, and lasts for several weeks, and can be kept that way longer; so after boiling it, place the lemon and salt
It is to preserve the color as it can be frozen for the same cooked period.

1. Drying:

The same method of keeping the okra where it hangs in ropes after cutting slices, and put in the sun for a week to dry completely, and then packed bags
Paper in a dry place. There is also a method of drying in the furnaces, where the production is placed in ovens dedicated to it
Under 45 degrees temperature for 48 hours.

This method is used by large companies and mass production projects, and thus can be saved in this way for more than 6 months
Without spoiling or spoiling its nutritional value as well as that the price of kilo doubles ten times the price of fresh;
Because every 10 kilos fresh after drying one kilo only, and this method helps to export or benefit
Of the product that the project owner failed to market fresh. Although the dried is not efficiently fresh and is used in drinking, frying and cooking.

4 - Pickling:

Wash and boil in boiling water for 15 minutes, then quickly put in cold water and transferred to cans or jars with a wide nozzle,
Apply a salt solution with a little vinegar and vitamin C and close the bottles, sterilize the water vapor for an hour and then cool.

1. Canning:

The best way to save and most traded; so the washing and selection of good fruits before boiling in boiled water for two minutes,
Then cool and pack in glass jars, pour salt solution, and the primary heating is steamed or boiling water, and then tightly closed
Sterilization is done for a whole hour, and the berries are slowly dried and kept so for 6 months ..

Feasibility

The Mushroom Project is one of the most attractive projects with small investment for its high profits at the lowest cost, and it can be set up in a room
A small house, a basement or a storeroom, provided that there is complete cleanliness and proper moisture and distance from direct sunlight
The square meter can accommodate two trains.
This is a feasibility study monitored by a company operating in Egypt for 50 discs for mushrooms:

1. Costs:

• The complete cylinder includes (cylinder - sterilized environment - cocoa) worth 25 c (USD = 6.18 officially).
• 50 discs x 25 c = 1250 c.
• Tools for agriculture (temperature thermometer - hydrometer - muzzle - sterile gloves) worth 80 c.
  Total costs 1250 + 80 = 1330 c.

1. Revenues:

• Expected production of 4: 6K per cylinder per cycle.
• The price of Kilo 6C if sold to a retailer or an organization that is marketing it.
• The duration of one session is 76 days at the rate of 4 courses per year.
• The cylinder is suitable for planting for 6 years.
• Assuming that each cylinder gives 5 k per cycle at 6 c per kilo.
  Total revenue = 50 x 5 x 6 x c = 1500 c.

1. Profits:
   Average net profit for the first cycle = 1500 - 1330
   (Fixed-variable costs) = 170 c.
   Average net profit for the second, third, fourth cycles = 1500 - 750
   (Variable costs) (Environment - Takao) = 750 x 3 cycles = 2250 c.
   Gross profit = 170 + 2250 = 2420 c (average net profit)
   At a rate of 605 c average net profit per session.
   This is just a model of how to calculate the economic feasibility of the production of the project, which is subject to change from one country to another according to
   Product savings, prices of agriculture tools, seeds, and processed environmental prices.
   Marketing Method
   In general, in any small project, we recommend that the project start from the end and back again;
   The novice who wants to enter the production arena must start marketing first, and when he is good at discharging the products that the merchants bring him starts
   By going back; that is, the production of mushrooms that will not be marketed at that time with the experience gained.

Or may begin to replace the broker (wholesaler) goes to the producers and buy them Mushroom wholesale and distributed to retail stores.
It is important to master the disposal of products, even if it becomes a product will not be in marketing and will not prevail and underestimate his right depending on his ignorance of marketing.

A marketing method depends on pre-contracting; the product may be contracted with supermarkets or hotels and restaurants
The supply of certain quantities with certain specifications in certain periods, and arrange its production on this basis, and we advise that this contract be made

First before starting the project, these requirements are met by actual producers;
In this case, the person is acting as a wholesaler (the supply contractor)
When the market situation, the extent to which profits are realized and the possibility of disposal of the products are assessed, the production project is evaluated
According to his ability to discharge from his work as a wholesaler .