Yes, I've read Starship Troopers. I'm not sure how the Mobile Infantry compares to Adeptus Astartes, though. MI were unaugmented humans in a relatively hard sci-fi setting. Astartes are genetically-engineered super soldiers able to move and react far faster than an ordinary human, and their armor is wildly different, plus their setting is much more fantasy-influenced. I think Starship Troopers Mobile Infantry are more analogous to some of the Halo Spartans or ODST. The Bugs clearly influenced the Tyranids, though.