"To survive the disappearance, the book knew to change; from clay tiles to digitization. Thus it remains a dominant means of transmitting knowledge "

By Ana Sofía Ramírez Heatley

Although a book concept is a certain number of pages within a cover, the books have taken so many different forms that include the lack of pages, the ability to open or rewrite even interaction through links. In a time dominated by the Internet and digital media, the book has changed, but the essence remains; an object of communication and transmission of the most diverse ranges of knowledge, information and artistic and literary expression. Despite technological shortages, the human being has always found ways to record dreams, desires, anxieties, shadows, and endless questions. In this way it has written on stones, clay tiles, animal skin, or even vegetal materials such as Egyptian papyruses. The latter have been serving for many years as the main writing ground for some cultures. With the same purpose, ivory tiles and wood leaves were used.

Handwriting

However, the first books in the literal sense appeared in monasteries in the Middle Ages, from the III century, where employers were hired to study and copied important considered documents. The monks of the monasteries were like employed professionals who in liturgical writings also devoted time to copying and saving classical antiquity books. Due to the long writing hours, these are known as codex, handwritten books composed of folded and sewn notebook.

The printed book

The oldest known book known as "The Diamond Sutra" that was printed 600 years before the Gutenberg Bible. It's not about the first printed book, but the oldest one ever found. It turns out that in 868 Chinese wang Chieh or Wang Jie, according to sources, authorized the printing and distribution of this work that collects and transmits the word of Buddha. It was found by British-Hungarian archaeologist Aurel Stein in 1907. The printed parchment is 5 meters long and is stored in good condition in the absence of humidity at the secret desert library near the city of Dunhuang, northeast China.

Perfect techniques

We know that the Romans and the Chinese found print or text forms without having to copy them manually, with the help of tiles and seals that allowed the printing of some specimens. However, the revolution of oppression occurred in the 15th century with the invention of modern printing. Johann Gutenberg went into work to create wooden models for each of the letters of the alphabet that he later filled with lead. In 1449, the first book "Kostanca's Moria" was printed in Mainz's printing press in Germany. By printing the Bible, the Vulgate, Gutenberg perfected the technique to have a work that apparently would not have been a change from a manuscript.

Advances.

The development of the book had an impact on the printing mechanism in the nineteenth century. This change required to satisfy the growing demand for books in industrialized societies. In the 20th century, although in competition with other means of information, the book maintained an important role in spreading knowledge, saving and preserving information. Large lasers or printers reduced the space occupied by printing machines and created a variety of printing opportunities in smaller circulation. Today's advances have enabled digital versions of books, facilitating content in new forms of reading and access to book reading. / "Muyinteresante".

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