Electromagnetic Waves & Nuclear Physics.
Electromagnetic radiations:-
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Electromagnetic waves are considered as those waves,which an electric and magnetic field vectors gets changed sinusoidally in them and which are perpendicular with each other as well as at right angel the direction of propogation of wave.
The main source of Electromagnetic radiations is Sun. The electromagnetic radiations posses dual nature i.e; during propagation they behave as a wave while on striking with any surface they behave like particles. The energy carried by waves is given by Plank's equation.These waves are produced by accelerated charge particles.Hertz confirmed the existance of electromagnetic waves experimentally in 1888.
Properties of Electromagnetic Waves:-
Source by Meenng.
- Transverse in nature.
- Speed of propagation is that of speed of light.
- Energy in electromagnetic waves is equally divided between electric field and magnetc field vectors.
- Electric vector is responsible for the optical effects of an electromagnetic wave.
- Intensity of electromagnetic wave is defined as energy crossing per unit area per unit time perpendicular to the directions of propagation of electromagnetic wave.
Electromagnetic Spectrum:-
Source by Penubag license under
It is the arrangement of electromagnetic radiations on the basis of wave length or frequencies is known as Electromagnetic Spectrum.It covers a wide range of wavelengths or frequencies. All electromagnetic waves travel with the speed of light. Their physical properties are determined by their wavelengths not by their method of excitation.
The increasing order of the wave lengths in their increasing frequencies is:
Gamma (< 0.1°A)< X-rays(0.1°A-100°A) < UV rays(1000°A-4000°A)< Visible(4000 °A-7000°A)< Infra-red(7000 °A-1mm)< Micro waves(1mm-15cm)< Radio/T.V(>15cm).
1:- Gamma-rays:- All the wave lengths of the order of <0.1°A are known as Gamma rays. These were discovered P-Villiard.These radiations have maximum penetration power .The source of these radiations is Nuclewr Decay.
2:- X-rays:- These were discovered by Roentgen. The source of these radiations is electronic transaction (de-excitation). These radiations finds their application in body scanner.
3:- UV-radiations:- The main source of these radiations is sun. These were discovered by Ritter. These radiatons are responsible for synthesis of Viqtamin-D in human body. However prolonged exposure to these radiations causes cell mutations (cancerous masses). The ozone present in atomosphere is responsible for absorption of these radiations.
4:- Visible radiations:- Wave lengths corresponding to order 4000 °A- 7000°A are known as visible electromagnetic radiations. Visible part of electromagnetic spectrum is responsible for vision and photosynthesis therefore life on earth.
5:-Infra-red radiation:- These were discovered by "Herchiel". These radiations are responsible for heating effects as well as these radiations are used in body scanners as well as in x-rays crystalography for detection of molecular structure.
6:- Micro-wave radiations:- The electromagnetic radiations of the order of 1mm-15cm corresponde to this part of electromagnetic spectrum. These wave's are produced in a device known as Kylstron. These waves are used in microwave ovens as well as in microwave communications.
7:-Radio/T.V waves:- These waves are user in communication purposee. Theee are produced by accelerating electrons in conductor. These have wave lengths of the order >15cm.
Reference:-
- Wikipedia
- Electromagnetic spectrum
- Electromagnetic radiations
- Properties
- Properties
- Electromagnetic waves- study
- Electromagnetic radiations
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