Pre-Release: HF19 Linear Rewards!

in #steem7 years ago

Hello Steemians!

We have officially published our pre-release version of the next hardfork (0.19.0), codenamed “Equality,” the purpose of which is to make everyone’s influence directly proportional to their stake (as opposed to the existing system in which influence is exponentially related). Our blockchain wizards refer to this as using a “linear rewards curve” a change that received widespread support from both non-technical community members as well as our blockchain witnesses.

Curation Rewards and Vote Impact

There are two other changes within the update that affect non-technical community members: 1. Changing to a square root curation rewards curve and 2. Increasing vote impact.

Curation Rewards

The change to the curation rewards curve will not have a noticeable impact on curation rewards and is necessary simply to prevent the linear reward curve changes from having a material impact on curation rewards.

Vote Impact

The changes to the impact of a 100% vote are more material. A 100% vote will be 4 times more powerful once HF19 is completed. As it stands now a single 100% vote uses only 0.5% of your remaining voting power (voting power regenerates fully over a 5 day period). That means real users would need to vote 40 times a day at full power to use all of their voting power. This leaves users who are less active unable to fully leverage their voting power. After this change, a single 100% vote will use 2% of your remaining voting power, meaning that 10 full-power votes a day will now exhaust the majority of your voting power. Of course, if one does not wish to use this much voting power in a single vote, anyone is still free to lower the power-percentage of their votes accordingly.

Users can also feel free to simply upvote-at-will because a vote only consumes a percentage of the remaining voting power, not the total. Imagine “voting power” as a swimming pool that is constantly being refilled by the rain. Every time you upvote you reduce the amount of water (in this case “voting power”) from the pool by a percentage (i.e. it’s not like you are constantly removing 500 gallons from the lake). The next time you vote you are removing another percentage from an already diminished supply. That means there are still no limits on how much you can vote, just that the more you vote the more you incrementally decrease the amount of voting power you have (the water in the pool). To get a better sense of how powerful your votes are and the rate at which that power diminishes simply observe how much your full power upvotes increase the rewards of content creators and you should get an intuitive sense of how the algorithm works.

You can read the release notes below or view them on github here: https://github.com/steemit/steem/releases/tag/v0.19.0rc1

The Steemit Team

Steem Equality 0.19.0 Release Notes

The hardfork has yet to be scheduled

All witnesses should carefully and thoroughly review 0.19.0rc1.

Reindexing

0.19.0 requires reindexing from all previous versions.

Overview

This Hardfork is about changing the rewards curve to be stake proportional. The original proposal can be read on steemit.com.

Linear Rewards

With the introduction of a linear reward curve everyone will have a say directly proportional to their stake. #1051

Square Root Curation Rewards Curve

This is to offset the changes in rewards due to the linear reward curve. Curation rewards should stay roughly where they are. #1052

Increase Vote Impact

Each vote's impact has been increased by 4x. #1053

Witness Price Feeds Properly Expires

Fixed a bug that prevented price feeds from expiring. #882

Historical Posts Cannot Be Deleted

Once a post has existed for 7 days, it can no longer be deleted. #876

Cancelling a Steem Power Delegation Fixed

Fixed a bug that prevented cancelling a delegation in some circumstances #971

Deleting Post Condition Part of Consensus

Previously, requiring a post had 0 rshares before deletion was enforced via a soft fork. Now it is part of consensus #977

account_create_operation Fixed

There was a bug in the account_create_operation. Our short term fix was to temporarily disable the operation. It has been fixed and is re-enabled. #987

Fixed 0 Delegation Objects

Previously, creating an account with 100% STEEM would create a 0 delegation object. This has been fixed. #997

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That means real users would need to vote 40 times a day at full power to use all of their voting power. This leaves users who are less active unable to fully leverage their voting power.

I would just like to know why users who are less active on the platform ought to be able to have a similar impact on influence as those who are more active.

Can you explain why this is a necessary change?

For a network that hopes to compete with Reddit's 100 million+ posts/comments per day, restricting users to 10 votes is incredibly myopic. This is just the kind of unfriendly design that turns people off and disengages them from the platform. I was open to it when it was first announced, but with the increase in activity, things have changed completely and I now believe this change is harmful to user engagement in its current state. Bots were only a problem when there were 1000-1500 posts per day. At 5000+ posts per day currently, most bots have shut shop and left. The likes of fyrstikken, wang etc vote no more. Even the "good bots" like biophil have left. Bots are not a problem anymore, and will be less of a problem as the network grows.

Instead, all it does is encourage heavily engaged manual curators to leave as well.

I'm afraid this is the ground reality of this change.

(Upvoted this and every other comment in this thread for visibility)

PS: I wrote about this in a post a few days back, suggesting it could be a dynamic target relative to activity. So the 10 votes per day proposed back then should now be worth 50 given the 5x increase in activity.

Bots are not a problem anymore, and will be less of a problem as the network grows.

@steemvoter is just one of a few autovoting services available. Despite their very low charge of 3SBD per month to use their service, they make a hefty $500 per day on autovotes. And the numbers suggest 1000+ subscribers. Assuming they use the service to maximise their voting impact, that's 40'000 autovotes per day on posts we can assume the voters did not look at.

I like it. It's much better the more users that use up their power. Remember the heavy curators also have more steem power so more votes plus more steam power favors the few over the many. This should make the platform serve the middle class (like linear voting weight). This is what we want because it ensures the content demanded by the most people has highest payout. Just vote with less than full power of you don't like it.

this was sort of my first thought as well. I really don't vote unless I've read and "liked" an article. The past few days I've read/voting lots more posts than usual and my voting power was actually down into the 60's, so I cut back voting dramatically and the few I did were around 20% voting power. With the hard fork, it sounds like we'll all mostly need to go down to 20% voting for any real level of "curation". But, at that point, it seems to defeat the purpose of "giving more power" to smaller users.

Not sure the "best" solution, but perhaps something in between arithmetic and exponential, that includes a logarithmic component, may be worthy of further consideration:

Voting power is something that's grossly misunderstood. A low voting power is a good thing because it means you're maximizing your influence. On the contrary, high voting power is a bad thing, because it means you're letting your voting power go to waste.

As it stands today, in order to maximize your influence, it doesn't matter how many times you vote every day as long as that number is greater than or equal to 40. You can vote 40 times or 1,000 times, your influence is the same either way.

With the upcoming change, you can still vote as much as you want. But now, you have to vote a minimum of 10 times. A much more manageable number. Vote 10 times per day or vote 1,000 times per day, it won't matter. Your total influence will be the same either way.

right, except if you want to maximize your influence (and payout to authors) over 1000 posts, it's not so much that you now have "more influence", since that will have to be offset by dramatically reducing voting power over the lot.

Of course, for one's own posts, it would be foolish not to take advantage of the newly available 4x per-post boost (out of self-interest), thus further reducing one's available "influence" that people have to spread with others.

So I guess it really boils down to perception and how it may or may not modify people's behavior and voting habits. caveat: Just a thought, and perhaps I'm still just missing something.

For the record, I've only engaged in manual post / comment curation, and maybe it's just me, but I can burn through 10 votes manually pretty darn fast. Perhaps this has also become more of an issue (for me, at least) since the 1 day -> 7 day payout change, since I routinely come across 3+ day old posts that I missed, yet still consider highly worthy of an upvote.

You seem to have a pretty good grasp of these things, but I'd still recommend reading this excellent post on voting power: https://steemit.com/voting/@biophil/the-complete-definitive-and-yes-ultimate-guide-to-voting-power-updated

I don't want to explain it again, so I'm just going to copy/paste what I wrote to someone earlier regarding the whole 4x thing:

The HF will mean a more powerful vote, but it won't be 4 times more powerful, at least not in terms of price.

It will be 4x more powerful in terms of the number of rshares you're contributing to the post, but that won't result in 4x the payout because other voters are contributing a lot more rshares as well. The size of the reward pool isn't changing, so when more rshares are chasing the same about of money, the value of those rshares decrease. Henceforth, you're contributing 4x the rshares per vote, but those rshares do not result in 4x the payout.

How much the value of a vote will increase is hard to figure out. It will be less than 4x, but more than it is now. My best guess would be somewhere around 2x. That's assuming all else remains equal. Will the no-vote-for-whales pact stay around or will that go away with the new rewards curve? If whales start voting again, we might even see a drop in the amount our vote is worth.

that's very helpful, thank you - especially the @biophil post. only $3.82 payout on that one?! that's just plain wrong! lol

The bad old days.

The argument why it's a beneficial change (which I'm in agreement with) is that bots currently have too much influence over payouts. The more we lower that votes/day number, the more influence real humans will have on reward distribution, and furthermore, the more curation rewards will go to actual humans.

Why should AI users (bots) who spend zero time on Steemit have a ton of influence over payouts?

Why should a passive investor (someone who's supporting the Steem price) have to spend a significant amount of time on Steemit to get a return on their investment in the form of curation rewards? The current voting rules basically require you to spend the equivalent time of a full time job on Steemit, just to not let voting power go to waste. Decreasing the number of votes to 10 makes Steem Power more valuable, because now it won't take the time of a full time job to get decent curation rewards.

Users who are highly-active already have a huge advantage over less-active Steemians, because they are the ones who are earning the lion's share of the posting rewards.

I hope this was coherent and had at least a little bit of flow to it. I wrote it quickly while at stop lights in the car.

None of that is true anymore, most bots have already left the platform as activity has increased. Can you point out a single abusive bot that is still functioning?

I'm not talking about abusive bots, but rather voting bots. There are still a tremendous about of votes made by non-human curators. My last post had 126 views and 151 votes. The one before that received 65 views and 114 votes. If there wasn't much non-human voting, the number of views would be significantly higher than the number of votes.

What other points did I make that you disagree with?

The issue is 10 votes are too few for humans. It doesn't need a full time job anymore. There are 20,000 posts/comments per day, it's pretty easy to make 40 votes within an hour or so. There's no dearth of good content now. Indeed, I curate less than an hour per day nowadays, and I simply can't keep up. With a 10 vote per day target, I could probably exhaust it within 10 minutes, and that's it. Yes, we could vote with 25% voting power, but that just crowds engaged users out of the reward pool and forces people to constantly ration and think about every vote. Pretty poor design for human engagement.

As for voting bots, firstly I don't see that as an issue, really. They are humans delegating their votes to curators or authors they trust. Humans who have paid for their stake in the network. Secondly, they'll continue doing so, maybe with lower voting powers.

It's ten full power votes but votes are 4 times more powerful. Just cut your voting power to 25 percent. What this really does is allocate influence from heavy voters to casual voters. I think that's fine. Also would support letting small voters use 2x-4x voting. It would do the same thing.

The issue is 10 votes are too few for humans.

You can continue placing 40 votes a day at 100% if you want, or 10 votes a day at 100%. Either way, you'll be contributing the same amount of rshares to posts each day. If you choose to continue placing 40 100% votes per day, your voting power will normalize somewhere around 25%. If your goal is to maximize your influence, it won't matter whether you vote 10 times per day (at 100% power) or 900 times per day (at 100%), your influence will be the same either way.

The only reason I use Streemian to follow other voters or a voting bot is because I have to vote so many damn times every day in order to not let voting power go to waste. If I only have to vote 10 times per day, I have no need to follow others voting on Streemian because I am on Steemit enough to vote >10/day. That gets rid of any non-human votes coming from my account. Sure, not everyone is like me, but certainly I'm not the only one who changed my use of voting tools because of the enormous number of votes required to use up my voting power.

I can use votes pretty quickly if voting on a lot of comments, but in order to use 40 votes on blog posts alone, I essentially have to be on Steemit all day long.

Why would I want to continuously ration my VP? As it is most newcomers have no idea about voting power, this is just going to be one more barrier to them engaging at will. Not to mention, by voting 25% I diminish my influence, and with inactive curators not doing they same, active curators are crowded out of the reward pool. This means the people who pile on the votes on the Trending pages will be heavily incentivized, and those who dig for good posts will be heavily punished.

And like I have mentioned before, I can find 10 good blog posts within the next 10 minutes now. There are over 5,000 posts per day now, it really isn't so difficult. Not to mention, there are comments on Steemit as well. Like I also mentioned in my last reply, I exhaust 40 votes within an hour or so nowadays. I don't even vote on comments because I'm all out of VP before I can. If I were curating full time, I'd probably need at least 200 votes per day, if not more. This is of course very different to when Hardfork 19 was announced over a month ago. At the time, 10 votes per day would have been adequate for the casual curator.

I have written about this before, and my solution was having a dynamic target by activity. So the 10 votes per day proposed back then should be 50 votes per day now given the 5x increase in activity.

Users won't have to ration their voting power. They can if they wish, but their network influence will be the same regardless of how many times they vote, so long as it's equal to or greater than 10/day.

Agreed, I could tell something was weird on here when some not that great articles are getting an insane amount of votes, all the flow just keeps going to the top. For this thing to succeed the new people joining need to have an incentive, this will bring even more people. The Whales getting Whaler isn't going to ultimately help the platform. I'm not a Socialist Democrat at ALLL, but for this to work, there has to be some of that in there to help the wee newbies :)

Why should a passive investor (someone who's supporting the Steem price) have to spend a significant amount of time on Steemit to get a return on their investment in the form of curation rewards?

Because there is no "passive investment" on this platform. It's a social media platform with no actual investment product. It requires active participation. That was the entire point of earning rewards, since there is no mining. Creating content and voting on it replaces the need for mining the tokens.

And as @liberosist pointed out - the bot issue isn't really an issue anymore. The automated voting still occurs, but that likely won't be eliminated...ever.

So, the question comes back to, "Why is this a necessary change?" If you don't have time to spend on the site and can't participate as much as someone else who does, why should you have the same influence on the system?

One post a week from 7 people is way more valuable a network than 1 a day from 1 person. Network needs to be as big as possible.

One post a week from 7 people is way more valuable a network than 1 a day from 1 person.

"Posting" isn't where the value of the network lies. What matters is how many active users there are so that the content/site/network can be monetized.

But if we're talking specifically about the value of particular users or content, then it's all subjective. And one user who posts popular/subjectively good quality posts every day can absolutely be more valuable to a network than seven users who drop a blurry photo once a week and have no followers.

I agree about posting. Activity is most important. Reading voting commenting and posting. Posting is probably the least valuable activity unless it leads to the others.

My point was that content that is sorted into best and worst by 70k users where they login once a week is more valuable than 10k who login every day.

Because there is no "passive investment" on this platform.

Of course there's passive investment! There's a lot of people who want to (and are) investing in Steem, but don't have a lot of extra time to be surfing around on Steemit.

Why should someone who is active, but has never invested a dime have more influence than someone who has invested $1,000s? The investor is the only reason the token has value.

The person who is active already has a huge advantage over the investor because the active user earns all the posting rewards.

It's a necessary change because requiring 40 votes a day, every single day, is absurd. If I'm going to be voting on 40 different blog posts in a day, I have to read over 100 to find 40 I like. Do you know how much time it takes to read 100 posts?!? I have to be on Steemit the entire day to read that many posts. It's a completely unrealistic task for anyone who's employed or has a business to run. Requiring a minimum of 40 votes per day (to not waste voting power) is completely ludicrous.

You're talking about speculators, not investors. There is essentially no ROI on this platform unless you actively participate. The only other returns come from an increasing token price.

It's a necessary change because requiring 40 votes a day, every single day, is absurd.

You're not "required" to vote at all. But if you do, you earn rewards. The more active you are - the more "work" that you do for the system - the more potential rewards you can receive. Doing less "work" for the same rewards isn't beneficial for the system overall. The point of curation rewards is to incentivize the ranking/filtering of good/bad content. Having less of these value judgments is certainly not ideal.

It's a completely unrealistic task for anyone who's employed or has a business to run.

Sure. I agree that spending all day on social media isn't good if you have a job or if you run a business. Playing around on Steemit isn't a job - and it would probably help if users stopped treating it like one.

That's a distinction without a meaningful difference regarding speculators/investors. The only difference is the level of risk they're willing to take in their investments.

You're not "required" to vote at all.

You are if you don't want to waste voting power.

The more active you are - the more "work" that you do for the system - the more potential rewards you can receive.

That's true, but it comes with a tradeoff. When you have a high vote number, like 40, it means you'll have a lot more rshares distributed via automated voting.

When you have a lower number like 10, it means you'll have a lot more rshares distributed by actual humans than by bots.

I'd much rather have humans determine which posts become popular than have bots/automated voting/curation trails doing that job.

That's a distinction without a meaningful difference regarding speculators/investors.

There is actually a very meaningful difference. If you're talking about "passive" income or ROI, then there is none on the Steem platform. You have to be actively involved in order to earn, especially when there is no interest. (And no, the SP "interest" isn't really interest.) Speculating on prices isn't "passive" income and it's not at all related to rewards on the platform anyway.

You are if you don't want to waste voting power.

Whether or not your voting power is "wasted" simply depends on how active you choose to be. If you can't vote 40 times per day, then you can't maximize your rewards. I don't see how this needs a remedy. Maximizing rewards should involve maximizing your activity and the quality of it.

If I can find and curate 40 good posts and you can only find 10, why should your total curation efforts earn the same as mine? That's certainly not "equality." It's essentially a disincentive for the person doing more work.

When you have a lower number like 10, it means you'll have a lot more rshares distributed by actual humans than by bots.

No - it just means that you'll have far less activity overall. I don't care about bots. They're really not an issue. And I really don't care about the automated voting. It's something that will have less impact as the platform scales and the user base continues to increase.

I'd much rather have humans determine which posts become popular than have bots/automated voting/curation trails doing that job.

Humans are behind all of those. At some point, they had to set up the automation. But as I said...it's not a long-term issue. Trying to "fix" a bot/automation issue is a short-term outlook. Hard fork changes ought to be made with a long-term outlook.

The change of the 40-vote target seems to be an attempt to "equalize" the platform when 1) there is no equality and there doesn't need to be, 2) it defeats the entire point of the system and the reward incentives, and 3) it continues to disregard what social media actually is - which is essentially a popularity contest and a time sink. Someone from Steemit, Inc. really needs to understand these things if they insist on tinkering with the economics of the Steem code.

I have to get back to work, so I'm not going to respond to a lot of this. We've been over it and are beating a dead horse at this point. I am going to clarify a couple things though:

  • I was talking about passive investing, not passive income. Like buying a stock without dividends.
  • I agree on your point that SP interest is not interest. All it does is protect you from a little bit of the network's dilution. And that dilution protection isn't very meaningful - it's only 15%.

This thread is blowing my mind! Thank you both gentlemen for squaring off and discussing this very topic. It's important because I am spending quite a bit of time now influencing investors, who I helped make a lot of money in Bitcoin and Ether, to now create a Steem Account to diversify into Steem. A reoccurring question is WHY they have to get in and use the Social Networking side. I've explained it many ways... but the simple answer is that Speculation is a anathema to SANE economics. I'm showing them how a Steem account works as a Wallet and a News Feed. It's starting to take shape!

Thank you gentlemen. SteemON!

I agree, there will be less votes on the platform and that will look weird.

it does give those with less time to spend on the platform more parity in voting

those that can spend more time here will still be able to overcome that, but more slowly

Users can also feel free to simply upvote-at-will because a vote only consumes a percentage of the remaining voting power, not the total.

Yes, but their net influence will be diminished and they'll be crowded out of the reward pool by those who are inactive and make few votes. A bigger problem is it's going to hurt newcomers. Most people don't even know what voting power is. We'll have a lot of newbies at 0% soon enough, and being forced to ration your VP is just the kind of barrier that limits engagement.

I tend to agree with this line of thinking as well. It doesn't tend to uncomplicate things and tends to go the other direction instead. If people can't spend enough time on the site to use their voting power, there are plenty of curators for hire that can...

but they won't get down to 0%; each vote past the "limit" takes a percentage of the remaining VP, not a set amount

so let's say X = the limited voting power, and Y = remaining vote power

relatively inactive users spend X
vs active users who spend
X + (X-%Y1) + (X-%Y2) + etc etc

I do get the point about rationing votepower, but since I tend to upvote as a "like" rather than as a curating strategy the valid argument doesn't resonate with me. Not saying it's wrong.

It's a figure of speech, let's say to down to nearly 0 to satisfy the pedants in us :)

;> I understand that LOL

Awesome, excited about this hardfork!

Thought I'd post a snip from this comment by @vandeberg which I've had to link to many users lately when talking about the linear curve and noticed it helped them understand it better.

Link to comment if text not readable.

Thats a nice visible way of showing it!

Or if you are using google chrome you can right click the picture and select open image in the new tab.

It should work with other browsers too!

And this is without factoring in the "vote impact" change... right? So a single %100 vote will actually be worth 4x this (in a vacuum of course)

The HF will mean a more powerful vote, but it won't be 4 times more powerful, at least not in terms of price.

It will be 4x more powerful in terms of the number of rshares you're contributing to the post, but that won't result in 4x the payout because other voters are contributing a lot more rshares as well. The size of the reward pool isn't changing, so when more rshares are chasing the same about of money, the value of those rshares decrease. Henceforth, you're contributing 4x the rshares per vote, but those rshares do not result in 4x the payout.

How much the value of a vote will increase is hard to figure out. It will be less than 4x, but more than it is now. My best guess would be somewhere around 2x. That's assuming all else remains equal. Will the no-vote-for-whales pact stay around or will that go away with the new rewards curve? If whales start voting again, we might even see a drop in the amount our vote is worth.

Here's a good post from 8 months ago explaining the upcoming changes (although, I don't agree with everything he says). https://steemit.com/steem-help/@sigmajin/the-tale-of-the-5-brothers-a-voting-power-parable

But the point of it isn't to increase power. The point of it is to even out the influence between people who vote casually and accounts which vote 40+ times per day. If it is easier to reach our limit, it is easier to compete with bots.

Great answer!

Thank you. 10 votes. Nice number.

With this change, will it still matter if I vote on a blog post at a later time to reward a larger amount?

so if my vote is worth $12 at 35 mins, will it be worth even more after 3 hours and many others have voted before me, or will it still be worth the same $12?

Your vote will add the same dollar amount to the total regardless of when you vote, all else equal.

One thing to add is that you will still earn more curation rewards by voting earlier than other voters, even though the rewards are increased by the same amount. Along with this, there is still the 30 min voting window where an author gets a % of the curation rewards if you vote within the first 30 min.

i find curation rewards very hard to explain on video, the intricate way it works is better explained as text on a screen rather than words from me speaking, so I tend to stay away from trying to explain curation rewards in video

Understood. I agree they are confusing.

When the HF "goes live" will it impact the pending payouts? If so, in what way?

We have not seen a compelling argument that this will occur.

Ok, sounds good. Thanks!

I'm happy with what I'm reading as of now. I'll be waiting for other witness inputs and the official release before updating. Great work guys!

I vote yes for the linear change. Do you know, roughly, the difference it will have on an account? Will it be the same as it is now with the flagging experiment spreading out the voting power or will there be an increase in smaller accounts?

I think the comment by @acidyo might help with this question. If so, please upvote @acidyo's comment.

I

Yeah I have seen this but I was wondering if that factors in the flagging experiment?

I believe it does not. From what I understand user behavior is too unpredictable to accurately model for changes like this. Linear rewards will dramatically impact the voting power of whales, how they respond to that, and how other people respond to their response is unfortunately too difficult to predict. But we will definitely monitor the effect.

Well only one way to find out, we will all figure out together :). Thank you for responding.

My pleasure!

But wait,
if you will only need 10 (100%) votes now to exhaust your voting power, does that mean that some people will use 100% of voting power for a self-vote thus increasing their own reward massively? I smell abuse.

yes, and this will create demand for steem power, good for the price of steem

You have different view on this, but you are not wrong. :) I agree with you, the demand will increase the price.

I'm sure it would be easy to create bots to counteract abusers of self-votes.

It seems if you are right that that could be counter productive. That would take away from the lower levels like myself and encourage the higher levels to self-vote.

Technically if it is blatant self voting (which isn't voting on your own stuff that adds value to the platform) then other users can still downvote. It doesn't really change what users can already do today, it just allows them to do it across fewer posts. Doing it across fewer posts would likely make it more noticeable that people are doing it - so IDK if it will really cause much harm.

It takes much more than 10 votes to exhaust your voting power. Your voting power will eventually reach an equilibrium where the voting power used each day is equal to the 20% you get back each day. Because spending voting power is exponential decay, it actually takes 11 votes to decrease your voting power to 80%. Another 14 to decrease to 60%. 20 more to get to 40%. 35 more to get to 20%. 79 total votes to get to 20% voting power, all with 100% votes. Under the current rules it would take 321 100% votes to decrease your voting power to 20%.

Thank you. Very helpful.

Déjà vu!

Guess I'll repost my comment and current replies... lol
Screen Shot 2017-05-23 at 4.59.52 PM.png

I'd do the same thing in reply too this comment, but then I'd be afraid of getting stuck in the wrong dream....

lol I just glimpsed the infinite

Equality.gif

I like to think he is a friendly robot who just gives hugs.

Lol, maybe that's the truth he is so keen to hide!!!

Hope he isn't going to drain the pool again LOL

Who knows what he will do!

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