软考备考复习（一）

11月4日就要参加软考高级架构师的考试了，最后一段时间要抓紧时间复习了，为此还特地申请了公休假，所以暂时不发帖，代之以复习笔记。

首先将一些需要记背的知识点，在anki应用中做成卡片，就是那种正面反面答案那种形式，为了方便记忆还利用谐音、藏头等方式编了助记词：

• 正面：架构风格名称：
  背面：
  1.数据流风格
  2.调用返回风格
  3.层次结构
  4.独立构件风格
  5.虚拟机风格
  6.仓库风格
  7.闭环-过程控制风格
  8.c2风格

助记：树吊崇独须仓皇。

• 正面：质量属性包括：
  反面：

1.性能

助记：性可安修能辨乎?

• 正面：ABSD开发过程：
  反面：
  1.架构需求
  2.架构设计
  3.架构文档化
  4.架构复审
  5.架构实现
  6.架构演化

助记：虚设化文档，复审实现眼。
今天主要复习了操作系统的知识：
一些计算方法：

• 分页存储管理:
  逻辑地址－》物理地址的转换：
  页号+页内地址，页内地址不变，页号查页表得到物理地址。页内地址有m位二进制，2的m次方就是每页空间的大小。

• 地址索引：
  直接索引、一级索引、二级索引。套娃关系。。

• 分段存储管理：
  段长不固定，逻辑地址转物理地址时，段内地址不能超过段长，否则发生下标越界错误。

其他知识点：

• 微内核操作系统，操作系统有两种状态，核心态和用户态，微内核代码简单，可移植性，可扩展性好，但是要在两种状态间频繁切换，所以性能低。与微内核对应的是宏内核，国产操作系统鸿蒙使用的是微内核。

• 进程三态图：运行、阻塞、就绪

• 进程同步与互斥，p操作申请资源，信号量s－1；v操作释放资源，信号量s+1；信号量s为正表示可用资源数量，信号量s为负表示有多少个进程在等待。

On November 4th, I will take the exam for the senior architect of the soft exam, and I have to hurry up and review for the last period of time, so I specially applied for a public holiday, so I will not post for the time being, and I will review the notes instead.

First of all, some knowledge points that need to be memorized are made into cards in the anki application, which is the form of positive and negative answers, and in order to facilitate memorization, it also uses homophony, hiding the head, etc.

• Front: Architectural Style Name:
  Back:

1. Data flow style
2. Invoke the return style
   3. Hierarchy
3. Independent component style
4. Virtual machine style
5. Warehouse style
6. Closed-loop - process control style
   8.C2 style

Mnemonic: The tree hangs in a hurry.

• Front: Quality attributes include:
  Reverse side:
1. Performance
   2. Reliability
   3.
   Availability 4. Security
   5. Modifiability
   6. Functionality
   7. Variability
   8. Interoperability
   
   Mnemonic: Can sex be recognizable?
• Front: ABSD development process:
  Reverse side:
1. Architectural requirements
2. Architecture design
3. Schema documentation
4. Architecture review
5. Architecture implementation
6. Architectural evolution

Mnemonic: Fictitious documents, review implementation eyes.
Today I mainly reviewed the knowledge of the operating system:
Some calculations:

• Paginated storage management:
  Logical Address - >> Conversion of Physical Address:
  Page number + page address, the page address remains the same, and the page number lookup table gets the physical address. The address in the page has an m-bit binary, and the m-power of 2 is the size of the space on each page.

• Address Indexing:
  Direct indexing, primary indexing, secondary indexing. Matryoshka relationship.

• Segmented Storage Management:
  The segment length is not fixed, and when a logical address is converted to a physical address, the address in the segment cannot exceed the segment length, otherwise an out-of-bounds subscript error will occur.

Other knowledge points:

• Microkernel operating system, the operating system has two states, core mode and user mode, the microkernel code is simple, portable, and scalable, but it has to switch frequently between the two states, so the performance is low. Corresponding to the microkernel is the macro kernel, and the domestic operating system HarmonyOS uses the microkernel.

• Three-state diagram of the process: running, blocking, and ready

• Process synchronization and mutex, P operation to request resources, semaphore S-1; The v operation releases resources, and the semaphore S+1 indicates that the semaphore S is positive, indicating the number of available resources, and the semaphore S is negative, indicating how many processes are waiting.