The philosophical system of Descartes
Distressed by the need to grasp a true method that would lead, more safely and reliably on the way to the truth, Discard makes of doubt, in opposition to faith, to dogma, the perfect tool, according to him, that it would lead him unfailingly to the truth.
In this construction of truth without pre-established, predetermined supports, as was customary in the Middle Ages under the Aristotelian doctrine of the syllogism that makes general truths, assumed as dogmas, the way to the truth, Descartes reacts vehemently and makes doubt, skepticism, contrary to dogma, the mechanism that would lead, through the reason and not faith, to know the essences and "reality" mode safe and under personal conviction, not as a product of external taxation.
Support in mathematics
Descartes in this doubt, permanent should, however, find a first thing that no one could doubt and from there build, as in geometry, increasingly complex prepositions that were supporting, one after another, as it results in mathematical demonstrations (of geometry in a particular way) and thus produces rational foundations for everything that is affirmed as a truth, as a reality.
"Those long chains of constraints, very simple and easy reasons, that the geometers usually use to reach their difficult demonstrations, gave me an opportunity to imagine that all the things that enter the sphere of human knowledge are linked to the same way " (Descartes, referred to by Echeverría 1993, page: 53)
The Cartesian System
In this context, Mathematization of thought Descartes builds his philosophical system as a way to the truth by specifying in this system 4 steps, or moments, in particular: The first, consists of "never admit as truths anything without knowing with evidence that it was", The second, the analysis, that is, "divide each of the difficulties ... in as many parts as possible and as many as required for their best solution" . The third, "orderly conduct my thoughts, starting with the simplest and easiest objects to know, to go ascending little by little, ..., to the knowledge of the most composed". The fourth and last, "make everything a complete enumerations and reviews so general that I would not omit anything"
The first Truth
Then, in the search for that first premise from which to go by defining a structure of certainties and making the transition from doubt to some irreducible principle, Descartes would leave us his famous phrase in which he places thought as the first of which he does not it can be doubted, thus the cogito cartesinao is born, Cogito Ergo Sum, that is, "If I doubt, I think, and if I think, I can not ignore that as a thinking subject, I exist.", argued Descartes (Echeverría, 1993: 54).
"I immediately noticed that even wanting to think in this way that everything was false, it was necessary that I, who thought it, be something, and I realized that this truth, - I think, then I am - was so evident and certain that The most extravagant assumptions of the skeptics were not able to move her, I judged that I could accept it without scruple as the first principle of the philosophy I was looking for"
Until the next friends !!
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