CONTEST: MY TOP 5 INVENTIONS OF ALL TIME|| By @kyara2

Hello everyone, I am hope we are all fine. Thanks be to God we have entered a new day. I want to thank @uzoma24 for coming up with this contest that I am participating in, its about the top 5 inventions of all time. It gives a chance for more study and knowing the history of that invention. When it started, who started it, and others. My top 4 invention ms of all times areas below;

1. THE WATCH BY PETER HENLEIN

The very first watch was created by Peter Henlein in the 15th century though some other clockmakers were making some at this time. In the late 15th and early 16th centuries, European clockmakers started watch making. They called these inventions clock watches as they were a little bigger than the current modern watches.
They acted as a transitory device between full size clocks and watches that you could carry.
In the 15th century, a mainspring was made. It is a part of a watch that is a piece of metal ribbon that functions as the powers source in mechanical watches and mechanical clocks.
With time, the invention of a wrist watch came up and other that helped to keep time.

This was the first watch made by Peter.

Life before the watch
In early mechanical clocks before 1657, it was a crude balance wheel or foliot which was not a harmonic oscillator because it lacked a balance spring.
In quartz clocks and watches, it’s a quartz crystal. In atomic clocks, it is the vibration of electrons in atoms as they emit microwaves.

Life after the watch
In the 16th century, technology of the wearable watches had evolved to allow for a smaller size of portable clocks. There was now a desire to place the watch into the pocket of a man’s waist coat. In most cases the wrist watch was for the women and the pocket watch was for the men in those days. Though, currently both men and women wear wrist watches. The known early pocket watches are placed on a cloth as a style of fashion amongst today’s men.

How the watch has influenced life
Watches allow you to know the time on special occasions and situations. Mobile phones today have a clock but they may not be the best chive for some groups of people when checking up on time for example soldiers, pilots, drivers... that is why it is more convenient for people to wear wrist watches.

Watches are easy to learn on how to count time. Being in control of your time is very crucial in this hectic pace of modern life. People do their activities based on time so a wrist watch is the best way for such a person to manage his or her time.

1. THE CALCULATOR BY BLAISE PASCAL

In 1642, the first true calculator was invented. One that performed calculations through a clockwork type of mechanism. The Pascal calculator invented by a French inventor and mathematician Blaise Pascal was lauded fir attempting arithmetic calculations that were previously thought of as impossible to solve.
Unfortunately, the calculators were difficult to produce so very few were made. The mechanical calculator then invented by Thomas de Colmer in the mid 19th century, and subsequent others were easier to produce but extremely large and bulky. Not at all the pocket calculators we know today.
The inspiration of pascal’s calculator, arithmetic machine or Pascaline was his frustration with the laborious nature of arithmetic calculations his father had to perform as the supervisor of taxes in Rouen.

This was the very first calculator invented by Pascal.

Life before the calculator
The first tool created specifically for use in mathematical computations was the abacus, likely invented in sumeria around 2500BC. The abacus was a table of successsive columns with beads or stones representing a single unit which could be used for addition or subtraction.

Life after the calculator
Calculators had not only enhanced the ability to perform the regular computations of mathematical figures that are involved in our day to day life but also provided humans with the ability to understand mathematics on a greater scale than ever imagined.
Previously, calculations were time consuming but after the invention of the calculator, it solved that problem and so calculations because less time consuming.

How the calculator has impacted life and the society
The calculator has had a profound impact on the world at large by making computation of mathematical figures quicker and more exact.

In a classroom, calculators have given many students ability to study and put complex formulas and concepts into practice more easily.

1. THE INTERNET BY TIM BERNERS-LEE

The first workable prototype of the internet came in the late 1960s with creation of the Arpanet or the Advanced Research Projects Agency Network.
Originally funded by the U.S Department of Defense, Arpanet used pocket switching to allow multiple computers to communicate on a single network.
On 29th October 1969, Arpanet delivered its first message, a “node to node” communication from one computer to another.
On 1st Jan 1983, Arpanet adopted TCP/IP and from there researchers began to assemble the “network of networks” that became the modern internet. The online world then took on a more recognizable form in 1990, when computer scientist Tim Berners-lee invented the World Wide Web. The web is actually just the most common means of accessing data online in the form of websites and hyperlinks.
The web helped popularize the internet among the public and served as a crucial step in developing the best trove of information that most of us now access on a daily basis.

Life before the internet
People had to use a tool called a pen and another piece of equipment called a paper to actually write to one another. The finished message would need to be enclosed in more paper called an envelope and postage needed a payment.
Long before the technology existed to actually build the internet, many scientists had already anticipated the existence of worldwide networks of information. Nikola Tesla toyed with the idea of a “world wireless system” in the early 1900s, and vissionary thinkers like Paul Otlet and Vannervar Bush conceived of mechanized, searchable storage systems of books and media in the 1930s and 1940s.

Life after the internet
The internet has changed business, education, government, healthcare, and ways in which we interact with others. It has become one of the lay drivers of social evolution. The changes in social communication are of particular significance. The internet has removed all communication barriers.

How the internet has influenced life
The most influential and pervasive impact of internet on social life is likely through communication patterns. Internet has fostered the development of a large number of new activities and services that are meant to facilitate new kinds of social interactions that were not previously possible.

However, the internet also has a negative side of influence on people’s lives such as;
• It interferes with private lives
• The proliferation of fake news
• Harmful actions such as cyber bullying
• Sexual immorality
• Addiction to the internet itself
• Internet predation... and many others.

1. THE DEFIBRILLATOR BY WILLIAM KOUWENHOVEN

Defibrillators were first demonstrated but not made in 1899 by Jean - Louis Prevost and Frederic Batelli, two physiologists from the university of Geneva, Switzerland. They discovered that small electric shocks could induce ventricular fibrillation in dogs, and that larger charges would reserve the condition
The external defibrillator was invented by an electrical engineer William Kouwenhoven in 1930. William studied the relation between the electric shocks and its effects on the human heart when he was a student at Johns Hopkins University School of Engineering. His observation was picked up by a pioneering cardiac surgeon, Claude Beck, at the University Hospital of Cleveland. He began delivering AC to the exposed hearts of animals he had put into ventricular fibrillation. He continued working this out using animals as his specimen until 1947 when a 14 year old patient’s heart had stopped during surgery. Out of desperation, Beck ordered that his research unit Ben brought up from the basement of the hospital. William’s defibrillator consisted of a transformer to isolate the patient from 110 volt, a wall supplying variable resistor to limit the current o a heart state value, and two metal table spoons with wooden handles to deliver the jolt to the exposed heart.
The first shock failed, so Beck administered a second which brought the patient back to life and this made national news.

The very first true defibrillator

Life after the defibrillator
The defibrillator is the device that restored a normal heart beat by sending an electronic pulse or shock to the heart. It was and is used to prevent or correct an arrhythmia, a heart beat that is uneven or that Ian too slow or too fast.

How the defibrillator influences lives
It has restored the heart’s beating life when the heart suddenly stops. This happens especially among patients with severe health issues. For example those that have been involved in sever accidents, those that blackmout during an operation....

You can use the defibrillator whenever CPR is needed. A person needs CPR if they are unresponsive and not breathing normally. Remember, time is crucial. If someone is unresponsive and now breathing, call an ambulance and then the use of the defibrillator is needed as fast as possible.

1. THE TRANSFORMER BY MICHAEL FARADAY

Faraday was born on September 22 1791. He was a British physicist and chemist who is beat known for his discoveries of the electromagnetic induction and of the laws of electrolysis. His biggest breakthrough in electricity was his invention of the electric motor.
He began his great series of experiments in who he discovered electromagnetic induction. These experiments would form the basis of the modern electromagnetic technology that still exists today.
In 1831, using his induction ring, Faraday made the first electronic transformer.
Faraday made one of the great discoveries. Electromagnetic induction, the “induction” or generation of electricity in a wire by means of electromagnetic effect of a current in another wire.

Faraday’s first transformer

Life before the transformer
Lucien Gaulard and John Dixon Gibbs first exhibited a device with an open iron core called a “secondary generator” in London in 1882, then sold the idea to Westing house company is the United States. They also exhibited the invention in Turin, Italy in 1884 where it was adopted for an electric lighting system.

Life after the transformer
Later in 1885, the ZBD model alternating current transformer was invented by three Hungarian engineers; Otto Blathy, Mika’s Deri and Karoly Zipernowsky.

How the transformer influences lives
Transformers are useful in stopping the flow of electricity interrupting on electric current. They are commonly present in circuit breakers, where they utilize a switch to automatically interrupt the flow of electricity and to prevent damage that can occur as a result of high voltage.

I invite @peace127, @amazing-grace, and @henryug to also pertak in the contest.

Thank you @uzoma24 for this contest.