Perseverance rovers begins the second part of its search for traces of extraterrestrial past life
(NASA/JPL-Caltech)
The Perseverance Martian rover has arrived at the ancient river delta in the Jezero crater and is ready to start drilling.
NASA expects that the rover will be able to find potential traces of microbiological life forms in the collected samples of rocks and clays.
The Perseverance rover is the fifth and most advanced NASA vehicle to arrive on Mars in February 2021.
The robotic mission will study the surface layer of the planet and its climate, searching for biosignatures.
Another task is to collect soil samples in sealed test tubes, which will then return to Earth as part of the MSR (Mars Sample Return Mission) program.
The rover also delivered the first unmanned helicopter to Mars: Ingenuity, which is still in operation now.
The first phase of Perseverance's science program started last year and took 400 sols (Martian days).
As part of that program, the rover moved south from the landing site, exploring the rock outcrops at the bottom of the Lake crater.
Then, the vehicle returned to the landing site and began to move north, heading towards the ancient river delta.
During this time, Perseverance obtained 8 rock cores, 1 Martian atmosphere sample and 1 control sample.
The mission also confirmed the existence of a lake in the crater in the distant past.
The second phase of the scientific program began last April and will take about half of the year.
During this time, the robotic mission will travel up the delta and acquire samples of layered sedimentary rocks that formed billions of years ago in the presence of liquid water.
If life forms really existed during that time on Mars, the remains or traces of these organisms could be preserved in some of the rocks and be reflected in their mineral composition.
In the following months, the rover will climb up the Hawksbill Gorge and make four more stops for geological research.
Scientists expect the core samples to include fine-grained argillaceous mudstones, which are good candidates for preserving organic matter and potential ancient microbes.
The team also expects the samples to contain coarse-grained sandstones to limit Lake Jezero's lifespan.
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