Crypto Academy ||Season 3 || Week 4- Homework Post for Professor @pelon53 - Topic: Root Hash And Merkle Tree.

Link

Good day...
Is my pleasure to part take on this lecture and exercise given by my professor @pelon53
which drive we his student to the area of the root hash and merkle tree to expose us to the hidden knowledge under the merkle tree and how it work in the blockchain.
Welcome to my home work,
Enjoy the reading...📝📝

Explain In Detail The Hash Rate.

Hash rate is the measure of the accountability of a miner, is also known as the hash function output and as well the rate at which a code is achieved, the perfomance of this is always measure in billion per seconds

The higher the hash rate achieved the higher and the more opportunity for a cryptocurrency to get block rewards, the hash is being measured with joules per one billion hashes (J/per 1 Billion hashes) in other to determine the efficiency of the miner.

The hash per seconds stands for this SHA-256 algorithms which are utilized per seconds which is known as the hash rate used by the miner, and the SI unit for this is signified as h/s.

Mining hash rate is a security metric. the more hashing in the system(computing) the more hashing the more power imposed in the network and as well the resistance against attack.

The estimate made from hash power is extracted and gotten from the total number of blocks mined in the last 24 hours and the current block difficulty. Specifically have the average time as T between the mined block and the difficulty D, of which the estimated hash rate is given as the formular below.

How To Measure The Hash Rate

Hash rate is also known as hash power which is measured and determined in hash per seconds which is symbolized as h/s, the following below are donomination at which the hash rate is determined.
Hash rate = number of hashes solved/time

Importance Of Harsh Rate

•It serves as demostration of network security, the value of the system hash rate determines how secured a mining network of a particular cryptocurrency.
and how strong it is, which is base on the higher the rate the more stronger it becomes as i have said in the beginning which it proves a standard against malicious attacks.

•Hashrate serves for calculating mining difficulty.

•Hash rate Is used as a vital value which facilitate network and monitor it's functions and validation.

•Hash rate determine and as well tell us the time and the health status a network and it's miner as well who mines it.

2.Make the following Merkle Tree:
Transaction (tree leaves): Steem1; Steem2; Steem3; Steem4; Steem5; Steem6; Steem7; Steem8.

Before i make the merkle Tree, i have to generate the all the leaves and branches for the Tree
for all the steem beginning from the Steem one to steem eight (Steem1-8)
of which i generate the hashes from this link SHA256

Stage 1: The Leaves
Steem1
Hash:
7760E25BCB80ADF1DD92DB339BF5790A59E90CD54EFA072F1250DCE13FA97045

Steem2
Hash:
FE00506E91CF52BC4B35321E6B978D1A7349397B19C6C1C01E095971FDEC9741

Steem3
Hash:
A9418332E0C351D6A50C835AA9E57D514F0573C231D491E97726DB8A5844F2DC

Steem4
Hash:
22F4EC8E20C9CCAF2C313B23F18981B1C73BF39081BCD739E5D998A95A46AB30

Steem5
Hash:
2A3C87336683AB0DDFA56AFEFC740E6C13A02FEA0A43D6797343B26D7AF0C57B

Steem6
Hash:
A7BAA6DE0C0658E9E3681966E542BACD116529F5AE9A2D9126CDB1C1D5BC1278

Steem7
Hash:
D441688DDA7F9285E8811728DD9A3955CF74F0A3C7600C1589D0F1D3B48FFAC7

Steem8
Hash:
F2E38ED4FF662087B6E9BEAFA4158EBC488B995732057BDA019A6A77FFB5F9F5

Stage 2: First Branch

Steem1Steem2
Hash:
A5568957014F6AC3866923C7DE20D375E706B8D8C9F453636E90B9965ABEC62B

Steem3Steem4
Hash:
18D25196DB699F6AB9222B7302EB8A6F6EBFADEC703C07DD5DB8D9455913A499

Steem5Steem6
Hash:
D118E137F92A0DBEA138B6BF70C7714153A7BC393CD0272A44BD94864645224B

Steem7Steem8
Hash:
A81D57BA11AEDFA9EFBBA42F6523D75D1EFA50B22C5E3557A21CEFFE87DDFC4A

Stage 3: Second Branch

Steem1steem2steem3steem4
Hash:
74E55450887C30B5E697C36454FE859CBB042A844E01D1821F07023C68E8510F

Steem5Steem6Steem7Steem8
Hash:
EA6EA609F85BD51FD7E1F36345095052F336D3995F8AC964BC934F06A943DD3C

Stage 4: The Root Hash

Steem1steem2steem3steem4Steem5Steem6Steem7Steem8
Hash:
563A06045F31A1240550DE8D3CE864D22C7CDA0466F001AED43E34E1D67F5FE1

I Made It To The Root Hash. And Put Every Hash Generated Using,
SHA256
and Show Screenshots.

Yes.. indid i was able to create the Merkle tree for all the input and with their hashes

Tell The Steps To Follow To Verify If Steem6 Is Included In The Merkle Tree.

In order to verify Steem6 is expected that the minner should have known the hash power for steem5, Hash of Steem7Steem8 and hash of Steem1Steem2Steem3Steem4. Then base on the they fact, the following is the step and procedure i took to check and verify whether steem6 is in the Merkle tree.

1.I generated the hash for Steem6 by using SHA256

2.Since the hash of steem5 is known which i combine it with the hash of Steem6 to get the Steem5Steem6

3.Since the hash of Steem7Steem8 is established, i will used it along side with hash of Steem5Steem6 in oder to calculate the hash of the Steem5Steem6Steem7Steem

4.Also since the hash of Steem1Steem2Steem3Steem4 is established, i will use it along with the hash of Steem5Steem6Steem7Steem8 to get Steem1Steem2Steem3Steem4Steem5Steem6Steem7Steemt8.

Steem1Steem2Steem3Steem4Steem5Steem6Steem7Steem8.
This series of hashes is known as Merkle root hash.

Using the SHA-256; you must place each complete hash in the Merkle Tree.

Transaction (tree leaves): SCA1; SCA2; SCA3; SCA4; SCA5; SCA6; SCA7; SCA8. Explain each step, show screenshots.
If the number of leaves on the tree is odd, what should you do? Explain.

Stage 1: Leaves
SCA1
Hash:
13E0A04BB0E669E1C638DBE3A704743F99F162B25245E4D8C064D35BA38FA8C8

SCA2
Hash:
27849353A9C8CC4E948EB6E5748EDD79CB83513D8C0ADAF3E8C83D3792C9149B

SCA3
Hash:
67E872F952C105C35E0BCE130536D061F4999DCA5593754BA9BA7BE59B8E7C0D

SCA4
Hash:
491928A32BAE70A12FA251412BBFD7C9999F317BA6BF577C283C724225270A43

SCA5
Hash:
99C078C39CDE7F47799E0E8691460A9F3E83E78D498EA989308FCFCC58907B19

SCA6
Hash:
7A648D887B124DB14E96E23BA92783E7F26D00957C19B9B8229632C2C1873729

SCA7
Hash:
7E0BBD6BA4BA9896F9911AF46B06DD2C47535F9C80B29D693FDF6B9319D0D68E

SCA8
Hash:
562ABCEEB497E1FE7AE275A883FD5EF9D92A05F5C19D82ABAA0DC1571B7DF3AD

Stage 2: First Branch
SCA1SCA2
Hash:
91B09BBA815748166FB36413342C7E4E7E809F4BAC538C0418841A4476B527EF

SCA3SCA4
Hash:
B49B48697A3ACBC5E3D2E36B6EE49C44020D88E664C5C1AA7A7CF34058177379

SCA5SCA6
Hash:
F026924CD1285FF92C2A2DE9B9313027EB67273A82375C939348C887F6B52F77

SCA7SCA8
Hash:
AA55EC5A6B11393B289C4B2B6916172ACC2941C5C978FB1D7BF02696BAB323A4

Stage 3: Second Branch

SCA1SCA2SCA3SCA4
Hash:
AAA1E8424897BF22E485F69CFE784BDFCDBFA36AA2D2A4448EF252710CD66635

SCA5SCA6SCA7SCA8
Hash:
1D9637E13A91EB28A2D3007A7D51D7B40A277D6E9717AF871630DA3E9878FC4D

Stage: Root Hash
SCA1SCA2SCA3SCA4SCA5SCA6SCA7SCA8
Hash:
CB40CA6DB72DD507CF9118963F94B7740822258E74AFB0FD45D89DB35D24B386

Finally i was able raise and build the branches and their respective hash for the Merkle tree.

If The Number Of Leaves On The Tree Is Odd, What Should You Do? Explain

So if the number of leaves on the merkle tree is odd is not possible to calculate the hash root, because it is structured in way that it can only work with even numbers, so to get this resolved we have to double the last leaf in order to get the parent hash in other to join other branches on the tree.

Conclusion

Having known how to build the merkle trees along side with the hashes of which have complete alot of tasks and caption as regards to this topic of which i talked about, i was able to cover the following:

•The hash rate

•Analysis on Hash rate

•Hash rate importance in the blockchain

•I Shows the screen shot oh how to build the markel tree with (Steem1-8) and (SCA1-8) with the help of SHA256 link to genenerate hash

•I was able to identify and spot the leaves, first and second branches of the markel tree with the root known as the root hash

Lastly thanks alot for postulate initiated by Ralph Merkle in 1979 who came up with this initiative to enhance the blockchain and beyond the blockchain technology.

My Special regards to
My professor @pelon53

Am @kingworldline