The role of the Bugak Habib in the Kingdom of Aceh
Dear Steemians
Brother Hermansyah in his November 1, 2011 edition of Serambi wrote Baitul Asyi Patgulipat Waqf, which gave several assessments of Habib Bugak and the waqaf he gave in Mecca al-Mukarramah. We feel called to give explanations and some responses.
Regarding the origin of waqaf Habib Bugak, according to Hermansyah, was the result of donations, alms and infaqs of Aceh pilgrims coordinated by Habib Bugak. I don't know Herman's reference source about this. If we refer to Habib Bugak's Pledge of Waqf Pledge which is still kept neatly on Nazir Waqf Habib Bugak in Maktab Al-Aziziyah, Mecca which was approved by the Mecca Syar'iyah Court, in clear and clear Arabic it is stated that Habib Bugak has set aside (detained, waqafa) from his own property (min maalihi).
Assuming Habib Bugak is only a charity collector and infaq is very contrary to the sarakata of Sayyid Abdurrahman Peusangan he conveyed, a sarakata which was stamped by the Sultan of the Kingdom of Aceh Darussalam who had the same position as the present president. Logically, is it possible for Sayyid Abdurrahman to get that much respect from the Sultan, if he is just a charity collector? About 5 sarakata that we got, signed by Sultan Mahmudsyah and Sultan Masnsyursyah, explicitly mentioned who Sayyid Abdurrahman was.
As a reporter who owns extensive land, it was not so difficult for Habib to buy land around the Grand Mosque at that time, because the wealth he had was very abundant. It can be observed that his descendants like Habib Shafi in East Aceh Idi were also very rich and the most feared by Orientalis Snouck at that time.
As additional information, Sayyid Abdurrahman was born in Mecca, his great-grandfather was the great cleric of Mecca who became a Mufti in Mecca. It is natural for a scholar to have a house around Ka'bah. It is said that again, Ka'bah and its surroundings, including the Grand Mosque, is something that was handed down from generation to generation guarded and maintained by the Sayyids even since the grandparents of the Prophet Muhammad, Ind. Habib Abdurrahman.
If there is an opinion that says that the waqf land in Mecca does not belong to Habib Bugak, it is of course tendentiously wrong, without a foundation. Because Habib Bugak himself or his family and offspring never considered or claimed the land as his property. Because the land has indeed been represented to the people of Aceh and is no longer a personal property or descendants. But if there is deviation from the land, it is the duty of Habib's descendants to rectify it.
Similarly, stating that Habib Bugak's waqf as Baitul Asyi waqf is not right at all. This deviates from the history and purpose of the waqf itself which was given by Habib Bugak two hundred years ago. Likewise until now, the name sign of the waqf in Mecca is clearly written, "Waqf Habib Bugak Asyi," instead of the Baitul Asyi Waqf. In our opinion, this change of name will eliminate the history of waqf, and at the same time can forget the benefactor.
As for the residence and grave of Sayyid Abdurrahman, there is no doubt about this, of course at Peusangan, Monklayu and died on Bugak. So far, there is no area in the village that is named, except around Bireuen. Not in Pidie, North Aceh, East Aceh, or others. In this case, the association of Acehnese Sayyids belonging to the Aceh Rabithah Alawiyah had agreed that Sayyid Abdurrahman or Habib Abdurrahman lived around Monklayu, Peusangan, and Bugak. Because he last lived in Bugak, he was held as Habib Bugak Asyi. This statement was strengthened by the sarakata signed by Sultan Mahmudsyah and Sultan Mansyursyah.
According to research conducted since 2007 by the Red Crescent Team led by Dr Hilmy Bakar for the assistance and guidance of Dr Alwi Shihab (former Coordinating Minister for People's Welfare), Prof. Alyasa Abubakar (former Head of Aceh Islamic Shari'a), Prof. Yusny Saby (former Chancellor of IAIN Ar-Raniry), Prof. Azman Ismail (High Priest of the Baiturrahman Mosque), and others, Habib Abdurrahman Al-Habsyi, also known as Habib Bugak Al-Asyi, besides serving as a Waqf Habib Bugak in Mecca, apparently also has a significant role in the history of peace in the Kingdom of Aceh Darussalam , especially after the post-Syrian dynasty of the Sayyid Jamalullayl Dynasty, after the imposition of Sultanah Kamalatsyah in 1699 AD
As recorded in history, after the death of Sultan Iskandar Tsani, the leadership of the Kingdom of Aceh Darussalam was led by the daughter of Sultan Iskandar Muda, who was also Empress Sultan Iskandar Tsani, Sultanah Safiatuddin who continued his sisters for the guidance and care of known charismatic cleric Sheikh Abdul Rauf al-Singkili also as Maulana Syiah Kuala who served as Qadhi Malik al-Adil. When he died, the scholars agreed to impeach Sultanah Kamalatsyah and be replaced by her husband, Sayyid Badrul Alam Ibrahim Jamalullayl as the new Sultan of Aceh. Since that time Aceh was under the dynasty of Sayyid Jamalullayl who came from Mecca, as an emissary of Sharif Mecca to the Kingdom of Aceh Darussalam.
The Islamist and very cosmopolistic leadership system in the Kingdom of Aceh Darussalam at that time, allowed "outsiders" to become sultans in the Kingdom of Aceh Darussalam. Leadership is not only determined by lineage, but the most important is the quality of one's leadership, as exemplified by Sultan Iskandar Muda who has appointed his successor Sultan Iskandar Tsani who is not known to be Acehnese, but originated from Pahang on the Malay Peninsula. This tradition was followed by the Sultans afterwards, making the kingdom of Aceh a miniature of the international Islamic state, or "Veranda of Mecca".
For almost 25 years the Jamalullayl dynasty became ruler of the Kingdom of Aceh Darussalam, causing friction among the ruling elite and the nobility, which led to the change of the Sultan, who raised a wealthy businessman, with the title of Rich Man Maharaja Lela who was of Bugis blood. This change of dynasty has caused conflict among the followers of both sides of the dynasty.
It has become a tradition of the sultan of Aceh since the Perlak Kingdom and the previous Pasai to establish close relations with the Sharif of Mecca and always ask for advisers from the rulers of the spiritual center of the Islamic world who are traditionally led by the descendants of the Prophet. Similarly, the Sultan of Aceh from the Bugis Dynasty was in power. The Sultan asked Syarif Mecca to send clerics who would help maintain peace in the Aceh Kingdom which began to flare up due to the movement of the previous Jamalullayl Dynasty.
Around the 1760s, Syarif Mecca had sent a group of scholars to the Kingdom of Aceh, most of whom were Sayyid Abdurrahman Al-Habsyi from Yemen's Hadramawt, Sheikh Abdullah Al-Baid and others. The religious scholars taught and preached at Bandar Aceh Darussalam and helped the Sultan as royal adviser. They continued the tradition of their predecessors as official representatives of Syarif Mecca in the Kingdom of Aceh Darussalam. After completing his assignment in Bandar Aceh, Sayyid Abdurrahman and his best friend, Sheikh Abdullah moved to eastern Aceh, which is known as Matang Bireuen now. Sayyid Abdurrahman lived around the coast at the edge of the Krueng Tingkem delta, known as Monklayu, while his best friend Sheikh Abdullah stayed at the top of the Tingkem River, which is now known as Awee Geutah. The relationship between the two friends was harmonious for several generations, it is known that there were many marital relations between the descendants of Sayyid Abdurrahman and the descendants of Sheikh Abdullah. That is why it is not surprising that Nazir Waqf Habib Bugak in Mecca was appointed by Habib Bugak, from the first property was represented until now is the descendant of Sheikh Abdullah, his best friend in Mecca, Bandar Aceh arrived at Peusangan.