Pest Control

PRECAUTIONARY MEASURES TO BE TAKEN BEFORE AND AFTER APPLICATION OF PESTICIDE

1. Always read the instruction on the label of any pesticide
2. Always wear protective materials
3. Do not mix the pesticide with bear hands
4. Avoid transportation of pesticide with food items in order to prevent contamination and food poisoning
5. Operators with rashes on the skin should not applied the pesticide
6. There should a] ways be availability of water and soap to wash and bath after application or work
7. Remove all food items before the application of pesticides
8. Always avoid the blow of blocked nozzles with mouth to avoid injection of the pesticide
   9, Operators should not face the wind ward direction
   10.Pesticide should not remain in the spraying equipment to avoid rusting of a
   sprayer and chemical pollution
9. Operators should always avoid smoking or eating when applying pesticide 12.Pesticide should be stored into the original container
   13.Wash thoroughly immediately after the mixing or spraying of the pesticide 14.Pesticides pack, spray mix, sprayer, empty container contaminated cloths should not be left unattended
   15.Any spraying area should be marked by warning sign (x) as hazard area.

PROTECTIVE WEAR/PPE
Protective wears/personal protective equipment - these are equipment which are worn by the operator spray men before the application of pesticides
TYPES OF PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)

1. Hand gloves either disposable or non disposable
2. Apron
3. Over all dress
4. Rain boot

IMMUNIZATION

immunization: - this is the means of administration of vaccines in to the body of man or animals so as to raise the immune level of the recipient.
Immunity: - this is the ability of the body to resist any foreign invaders or materials in to the body.
TYPES OF IMmunization
• Innate immunity (Natural immunity); - Innate immunity is an inborn ability of the body of the body to resist the entrance of foreign invaders in to the body
• Artificial ~unity (Developmental immunity): - this immunity is the resistance development in the body against 3:ny specific infectious agent.
METHOD OF ACQUIRING immUNITY

• Active method of acquiring immunity
• active method of acquiring immunity
• Passive method of aquiring immunization
  FACTORS AFFECTING IMMUNITY
• Age
• Nature of infection
• Nutritive factos
• Level of exposure to infections
• Chemotheraphy
  PEST MANAGEMENTtCONTROL UNIT DEFIN1TION OF PEST
• Pest can be describe as any living organism, vectors or arthropod that constitute nuisance to man or his environment and destroyers of properties.
• Pest can be any living organism that has the ability to cause disease or damage our properties
• Pest is any unwanted and destructive insect or other animals that attack food, crops or livestock's .
  PEST MANAGEMENT
  Pest management: - is the totality of effort put in place to combate the menace of pest in an environment.
  CLASSIFICATION OF PEST

1. Storage pest: - these are the pest that destroyed our substance or material either food product or any other thing in the storing site
   The example of those pests are;
2. Termite
3. Cockroach
   iii. Ants
4. Pest of field crops: - pest of field crops are pest that destroy our crops in the field or farm land.
   The example of these pests are:-
   i. Bee
   ii. Locus
   iii. Glasscutter/grasshopper
5. Livestock pest - these are the pest found in the body of rear animals like goat, pigs chickens, cow, duck, dog, and so on.

The examples of those pests are rat, cockroach and termite
CONDITION FAVORABLE FOR THE INFESTATION OF HOUSEHOLD PEtrIN AN ENVIRONMENT

1. Presence of overgrown weed left unclear within the environment
2. Presence ofhabitat or breeding place for mosquito
3. Climatic condition iffavorable
4. Poor housing management
5. Poor waste disposal 6. Poor food hygiene

PESTI CITES
pesticides- are those chemicals use in control, treatment and prevention of pest infection or attacks en man and his environment
ORIGIN OF PESTICIDE

1. Organic compound
2. Inorganic compound
3. Organic compound:- this contain hydrogen and carbon, they are natural organic compound which are found from nature or soil e.g botanical and petroleum product
   The botanical product are divided into two
4. Pesticide
   ii. Petroleum
5. Pesticide from botanieal product: these are pesticide made from natural plant materials such as nicotine from tobacco leave, dogon yare leave, bitter leave which are all refers as botanica1 products.
   H. inorganic compound: - inorganic compound means the pesticides that comes from living natural, this componnd are being in use for many years e.g sodium chlorite, they are manmade pesticides (artificial)
   CLASSIFICATION OF PESTICIDES
6. classifioatlonaocording to pesticides formation e.g solution, dust, wettable power, paste and pellites e.t.e
7. Classification according to mode of action e.g stomach poison, contact poison and fumigant synthetic poison.
8. Classification according to source of pesticides, it can be classified according to their origin (natural and artificial)
   4, Classification according to use of the pesticide e.g by oral absorption, by vaccine, by spraying and by bating
9. Classification according to the type of the pesticides e.g it could be pesticide for pest, insecticide fOT insect
10. Classification according to the time of application.

CHARACTERISTICS OF PESTICIDE
Pesticides can be characterized as follows
1 . They are made up of active ingredient that can kill the target pest

1. They are toxicity to target pest
2. Pesticides can also be toxicity to other animals e.g fish
3. They are. generally poisonous to man and other animals
4. They generally lost their potency when wrongly stored
5. They are broad selective
6. They are acidic
7. They are persistent in the environment thereby causing pollution.

PEST MANAGEMENT EQUIPMENTS AND MACHINERlES

1. Manual spraying (knapsack) A knapsack sprayer simply means manual sprayer and it usually has about 10- I 5 liter capacity tank
2. Motorized sprayer usually has about 10 liters capacity and it has an engine for its operation
3. Ultra low volume sprayer. - this is an electro dynamic sprayer which is operated by electricity and it also needed battery for its operation
4. Air craft sprayer: - this is a specialize bran of sprayer called aerial
5. Boom sprayer; this is attach to the tractor to build up the pressure inside the boom tank: for its operation
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