A Brief History of Tutankhamen's Gold
Ancient Egyptian pharaohs possessed incredible riches, especially gold. The yellow metal was mined near the surface in the south of the country. Gold allowed pharaohs to build temples and cities and maintain mighty armies for 2,500 years.
The average lifespan at birth was of only 40 years. Kings of Egypt often died of illness or poisoning, and their burials were pompous large-scale ceremonies. The tomb would be filled with gold jewelry, expensive furniture, and other luxury items. Egyptians believed in life after death and thought that the dead man would use all those items in the afterlife. Most of the pharaohs were buried in the famous Valley of the Kings, near the ancient city of Thebes.
By the beginning of the 20th century, most of the tombs had been found and studied by archeologists. So, when Howard Carter set out to look for the tomb of Tutankhamen, almost nobody believed he would succeed.
For six long years, Carter searched for the lost burial. Finally, in 1922, he discovered an underground passage with a sealed door leading to the tomb. The find became a global sensation.
In the first chamber, archeologists found hundreds of gold and gilded items. These included chariots, thrones, beds, and statues. On the floor, they discovered jars of wine and boxes with gilded weapons.
It took a lot of effort to get through the connecting wall, but once on the other side, the discoverers found themselves in the burial chamber. It was here that the young king had been buried 3,500 years earlier. His sarcophagus consisted of 8 coffins that fit into one another like a Russian Matryoshka doll. Four of them were made of gilded wood, one of stone, and three were of solid gold, shaped like a human body.
Inside the innermost golden coffin was the mummy of the 19-year-old ruler, wearing a gold mask. On the body, Carter found several golden belts with inscribed prayers, two golden daggers, and 141 more items made of solid gold: jewelry, bracelets, rings, and pendants. Tutankhamen's burial mask weighs over 11 kilograms.
In the fourth and final chamber, the archeologists found 22 chests containing gilded statues, a golden ark, and hundreds of gifts and ritual items. In total, the tomb yielded 4,000 precious pieces weighing 1,200 kg.
Out of the known 138 royal tombs, Tutankhamen's tomb is the only one to have been found intact.
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