6 Amazing Uses For The Popular Carbon-based Material Known As Graphene

Graphene is a monolayer form of carbon with a 2D honeycomb lattice. It has been shown to have many extraordinary mechanical, electrical, thermal, and optical properties and could revolutionize the field of materials science and engineering.

There are 3 main ways to produce graphene and currently scientists are discovering ways that are less expensive which will allow graphene to be mass produced on a cheaper level. That's the only way we, as consumers, will benefit from this. It's also the only way corporations will see this as valuable and not just an expensive novelty that'll only be used in a limited fashion.

• Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD)
• Exfoliation of Graphite
• Electrochemical Synthesis

(An example of CVD using copper pictured above)

1. New Graphene Solar Cells Turn Rain Into Electrical Clean Energy. " The Chinese scientists placed graphene on top of solar cells, which, in the presence of rainwater, makes all the difference. The positively charged ions of different salts present in rain, such as ammonium, calcium, and sodium interact with graphene’s electrons to produce electricity, allowing the solar cells to function on even the dreariest of days."
2. Making Seawater Drinkable. " Around the world, there's a major push for developing more efficient ways to turn saltwater into clean drinking water. Enter this atom-thick graphene filter, which Lockheed Martin found could reduce the amount of energy needed for the desalination process. The filtering material, dubbed Perforene, was originally patented for cleaning up oil spills. However, the company realized it could also serve other purposes. Because the filter is only one atom thick, saltwater flows through it without excess pressure -- and since the holes in the filter are just 100 nanometers in diameter, they're just large enough for water molecules to squeeze through, but too small to allow salt particles to pass. This results in a desalination filter that cuts energy usage by 20 percent, making it more environmentally friendly and better suited for use in regions where electricity is as scarce as clean water. 
3. Super-Fast Charging Batteries. " Today's rechargeable batteries tend to lose charge capacity over time. However, researcher Han Lin at Australia's Swinburne University created a battery with a graphene supercapacitor that can be used time and time again without any loss in performance -- and it charges up in mere seconds. Lin used a 3D printer to build sheets of graphene for his energy storage device, which could one day replace the lithium-based batteries in smartphones, tablets and even electric cars. Graphene gives this new battery a major edge, beating out traditional batteries in charging time, lifespan and also environmental impact."
4. Super-efficient lightbulbs. " The University of Manchester touts itself as the "Home of Graphene," because it was the first place to create graphene sheets back in 2004. Fast-forward to 2015 and a research team at the university created a dimmable, filament-shaped LED coated in graphene that uses 10 percent less energy than existing LED bulbs. The newer, better, longer-lasting LED went on sale in the United Kingdom shortly after, selling at a lower price than many competing products. The graphene bulb also made history as the first commercially available product containing the now-famous carbon allotrope."
5. The World's Lightest Material.  Scientists are forever working to develop materials that are even more lightweight than ever, and in 2013, a team of Chinese researchers created a sponge-like material using graphene that earned the title of world's lightest material. Fusing freeze-dried carbon with graphene oxide, the Zhejiang University team produced what they dubbed Graphene Aerogel, a spongy solid material that weighs just 0.16 milligrams per cubic centimeter. The carbon-based sponge is incredibly flexible and is also capable of absorbing oil by impressive quantities. The team reports that the sponge can soak up 900 times its own weight, which means it could be used in the future to clean up oil spills. Best of all, due to the sponge's flexibility, both the oil and the sponge could be recycled, making it a sustainable solution to a practical problem. 
6. Paper 10x Stronger Than Steel.  Paper is notoriously fragile, especially in sheet form. It tears easily and even just a few drops of water can render it essentially useless for its intended purposes. Five years ago, a team of researchers at the University of Technology in Sydney developed a graphene-based paper than is 10 times stronger than steel. The durable nano paper, composed of processed and pressed graphite is flexible, 100 percent recyclable, conductive and durable and thin enough to be used in countless industries. 

SOURCES

• https://www.engadget.com/2016/10/29/six-amazing-uses-for-the-wonder-material-graphene/
• https://inhabitat.com/how-graphene-on-solar-panels-turns-rain-into-clean-energy/
• https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1359029415000710
• http://www.inno-cnt.de/download/P18_FhG-IPA_Production_methods_of_graphen.pdf